The analysis of operating conditions of induction traction motors as part of traction electric drives of electric locomotives reported here has revealed that they are powered by autonomous voltage inverters with asymmetric non-sinusoidal voltage. It was established that the induction motor operation may be accompanied by defects caused by the asymmetrical modes of the motor stator. A model of the induction motor has been proposed that takes into consideration changes in the values of mutual inductance of phases and complete inductance of the magnetization circuit due to changes in the geometric dimensions of the winding caused by a certain defect. An algorithm that considers the saturation of the magnetic circuit of the electric motor has been proposed. This approach to modeling an induction motor is important because if one of the stator's windings is damaged, its geometry changes. This leads to a change in the mutual inductance of phases and the complete inductance of the magnetization circuit. Existing approaches to modeling an induction motor do not make it possible to fully take into consideration these changes. The result of modeling is the determined starting characteristics for an intact and damaged engine. The comparison of modeling results for an intact engine with specifications has shown that the error in determining the controlled parameters did not exceed 5 %. The modeling results for the damaged engine demonstrated that the nature of change in the controlled parameters did not contradict the results reported by other authors. The discrepancy in determining the degree of change in the controlled parameters did not exceed 10 %. That indicates a high reliability of the modeling results. The proposed model of an induction electric motor could be used to investigate electromagnetic processes occurring in an electric motor during its operation as part of the traction drive of electric locomotives

Для запропонованої конструкцiї електромеханiчного амортизатору розроблено методика визначення основних розрахункових параметрiв. Методика основана на спрощенiй математичнiй моделi по визначенню електромагнiтної та електрорушiйної сили електромеханiчного амортизатору. Особливiстю моделi є урахування режимiв роботи постiйного магнiту на основi розрахунку магнiтного кола. Створення модель дозволяє проводити приблизний розрахунок режимiв роботи амортизатора та може бути використана у вирiшеннi задачi оптимiзацiї параметрiв електроамортизатору. Проведено перевiрка адекватностi розробленої спрощеної математичної моделi шляхом порiвняння результатiв розрахунку механiчної характеристики амортизатора за спрощеною методикою та методом кiнцевих елементiв в аксиально-симетричнiй постановцi задачi. Отримано наявне добре спiвпадiння результатiв розрахункiв за спрощеною методикою та шляхом моделювання магнiтного поля за методом скiнченних елементiв. Визначеннi геометричнi спiввiдношення мiж елементами конструкцiї, якi забезпечують оптимальне рiвномiрне магнiтне навантаження в елементах магнiтопроводу. Проведена постановка задачi умовної двокритерiальної оптимiзацiї параметрiв електромеханiчного амортизатору. Обранi обмеження, що подiлено на три наступнi категорiї. Обмеження за розмагнiченням постiйного магнiту, що дозволяють зберегти працездатнiсть постiйного магнiту. Обмеження за щiльнiстю струму, яке забезпечує тепловi режими роботи амортизатору. Компоновочнi обмеження та обмеження на параметри задачi оптимiзацiї, що забезпечують розмiщення конструкцiї у ходовiй частинi вiзка. Запропоновано у якостi критерiїв обрати приведений об'єм амортизатору, що обумовлює затрати на створення амортизатору та його ККД, який обумовлює рекуперовану енергiю коливань. Проведено згортку параметрiв до єдиної цiльової функцiї затрат та обранi ваговi коефiцiєнти. У якостi метода оптимiзацiї обрано комбiнований метод, що включає в себе генетичний алгоритм, на попередньому етапi пошуку. На завершальному етапi оптимiзацiйної процедури уточнення оптимуму здiйснюється методом Нелдера-Мiда. За результатами вирiшення задачi оптимiзацiї параметрiв амортизатору визначенi оптимальнi геометричнi розмiри та кiлькiсть виткiв обмотки електромеханiчного амортизатору Ключовi слова: електромеханiчний амортизатор, метровагон, магнiт, згортка параметрiв, генетичний алгоритм, метод Нелдера-Мiда

Goal. The goal of the research is to develop an algorithm for selecting the main dimensions of a traction permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance motor. Methodology. A method for determining the main dimensions of the motor, which combines the analytical selection of stator parameters and numerical field calculations for the selection of rotor parameters. The need to check the mechanical strength of a rotor with permanent NdFeB magnets in flux barriers is shown. Results. The article proposes an algorithm for selecting the main dimensions of a traction permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance motor, which combines analytical expressions for selecting stator parameters and numerical field calculations for selecting rotor parameters. It is determined that analytical methods for calculating the magnetic circuit need to be developed in order to reduce the time to select the main dimensions of the motor. Originality. For the first time the sizes of active parts of the permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance motor with power of 180 kW for the drive of wheels of the trolleybus are defined. Practical significance. As a result of research the sizes of active parts, stator winding data and a design of a rotor of the electric motor are defined. The obtained results can be applied when creating an electric motor for a trolleybus.

No abstract

The analysis of operating conditions of traction drives of electric locomotives with asynchronous traction motors has been carried out. It was found that during operation in the output converter of an asynchronous motor, defects may occur, which leads to asymmetric modes of its operation. Models of a traction drive of an electric locomotive with asynchronous motors with scalar and vector control of the output converter are proposed, taking into account asymmetric operating modes. As a result of the simulation, the starting characteristics of the traction drive were obtained for various control methods both in normal and emergency modes of the drive. For the drive-in emergency mode, the following cases were investigated: the balance of the converter output voltages and the turn-to-turn circuit of 10% of phase A winding of the motor stator; imbalance of the output voltages of the inverter and an intact motor; imbalance of the output voltages of the converter and interturn short circuit of 10% of phase A winding of the motor stator. Comparison of the simulation results have shown that in emergency modes in the traction drive, the torque ripple on the motor shaft in the drive with vector control is 13% less, and in scalar control, the phase current unbalance coefficient is 22% less. The results of this work can be used to study the influence of the output converter control methods on the energy efficiency indicators of the traction drive of an AC electric locomotive.