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SUMMARY – Recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) have led to change of approach in clinical practice. New treatments have been approved based on the results of randomized multicenter trials for first line and for salvage therapy, and the results of numerous ongoing clinical trials are permanently providing new answers and further refining of therapeutic strategies. This is paralleled by substantial increase in understanding the disease genetics due to major advances in the next generation sequencing (NGS) technology. We define current position of the Croatian Cooperative Group for Hematologic Disease on diagnosis and treatment of CLL in the transition from chemo-immunotherapy paradigm into a new one that is based on new diagnostic stratification and unprecedented therapeutic results of B-cell receptor inhibitors (BRI) and Bcl-2 antagonists. This is a rapidly evolving field as a great number of ongoing clinical trials constantly accumulate and provide new knowledge. We believe that novel therapy research including genomic diagnosis is likely to offer new options that will eventually lead to time limited therapies without chemotherapy and more effective clinical care for B-CLL based on individualized precision medicine.

Relapsing polychondritis is an autoimmune disease that primarily manifests as cartilaginous tissue destruction. However, the immune impairment may also involve noncartilaginous tissues such as kidneys, blood vessels, etc. The disease may occur as a primary disorder or in association with other diseases. The case of a female patient with concurrent manifestation of myelodysplastic syndrome-refractory anemia with excess blasts, and relapsing polychondritis, is presented. The diagnosis of relapsing polychondritis was established ten months after the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome, when the criteria for the former were met. Total hearing loss and blindness developed soon thereafter.