Based on modeling and measurements, the authors investigated the performance of expanded polystyrene and lightweight aerated concrete slabs. The objective of the work was to assess the performance of the brick wall (having various thickness and layering) commonly built in the Silesia Region (Poland) in the 1920s and the changes of water content in layers of the flat wall through the measurement of temperature and relative humidity in the selected layers of the masonry wall.

This article addresses the important problem of improving the energy efficiency of historic buildings, where due to the architectural value of the facade, thermal insulation should be placed from the inside. As a part of this publication, the author, on the basis of their own experience and research, presents and discusses selected problems to which special attention should be paid when designing this type of insulation. These are among other things: disturbances in the distribution of the temperature field on the partition; defects related to partial thermal insulation of partitions; the lack of detailed analysis of wall systems in terms of construction and their technical condition; wood decay; the selection of inadequate calculation methods, e.g., the simple method of Fokin–Glaser and many others. The author, on the basis of measurements and computational analysis, presents the methodology of a correct solution of such problems. This significantly simplifies currently applied methods.

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