Highly responsive hypnotic subjects, who were classified as having control over remembering (voluntaries) or not having control over remembering (involuntaries) during posthypnotic amnesia, were compared with each other on four physiological measures (heart rate, electrodermal response, respiration rate, muscle tension) during posthypnotic recall. Two contextual conditions were employed: One was meant to create pressure to breach posthypnotic amnesia (lie detector instructions); the other, a relax condition, served as a control. The recall data confirmed earlier findings of Howard and Coe and showed that voluntary subjects under the lie detector condition recalled more than the other three samples that did not differ from each other. However, using another measure of voluntariness showed that both voluntary and involuntary subjects breached under lie detector conditions. Electrodermal response supported the subjects' reports of control in this case. Physiological measures were otherwise insignificant. The results are discussed as they relate to (a) studies attempting to breach posthypnotic amnesia, (b) the voluntary/involuntary classification of subjects, and (c) theories of hypnosis.

The purpose of this study was to neuropsychologically assess the attention and concentration of soccer players. Sixty-two male volunteer subjects, 31 soccer players, and 31 tennis players were recruited from local colleges. The Raven Progressive Matrices, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Perceptual Speed Test, and Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test were administered. There were no significant differences found between the two groups on these tests. There was, however, within the soccer player group, a significant negative correlation between number of games played and performance on the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task. Also, a significantly greater number of soccer than tennis players reported experiencing headaches, blurred vision, dizziness, and passing out after a game.

Young, active, licensed professional boxers (N = 19) were found to display a pattern of neuropsychological deficits consistent with the more severe punch‐drunk syndrome of years past. These deficits resulted in significantly lower test performance than that of control athletes (N = 10) matched for race, age, and level of education. Tests that showed significant differences between groups include subtests of the Quick Neurological Screening Test, subtests of the Halstead‐Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery, and the Randt Memory Test. Fifteen of the 19 boxers scored in the impaired range of the Reitan Impairment Index, as compared to 2 of the 10 controls.

The neuropsychological spectrum was investigated in a traumatically brain-damaged population. In this spectrum neuropsychological measures were regarded as the most biologically oriented, achievement measures as the most acquired skill-oriented, and intellectual measures as having an intermediate position. It was found that the achievement measures correlated the most highly with each other, the intellectual measures intercorrelated to a lesser extent, and the intercorrelations of neuropsychological measures yielded a zero-order median correlation. It was further found that the correlations of measures with those in other categories had the same ranking. It was inferred that brain damage alters the pattern of the neuropsychological spectrum because of disproportionate impairment in the biological direction of the spectrum.

A measure for assessing family involvement in traumatic brain injury rehabilitation (TBI) was developed. The Family Involvement Assessment Scale (FIAS) is theoretically based on Barrer's (1988) model of family involvement in TBI rehabilitation, which highlights two dimensions, "support" and "involvement." An initial pool of 337 items believed to be related to the constructs of "support" and "involvement" was generated. Forty-nine items were systematically selected from the initial pool and included in a preliminary assessment form in which 172 professionals rated the items on the dimensions of support and involvement. Eleven items were subsequently eliminated from the original pool based on these ratings. The remaining 38 items were used by 181 of the professionals to evaluate the involvement of actual family members of patients receiving TBI rehabilitation services in their programs. A factor analysis was performed on a remaining pool of 38 items. Three factors with an eigenvalue greater than 2.0 accounted for 48.8% of the total variance. One item that did not significantly load on any of the factors was eliminated. The FIAS includes a final set of 37 items, comprised of three subscales based on the factor analysis. Two of the scales, the Involvement-Rehabilitation (IR) scale and the Support (S) scale correspond, respectively, to Barrer's (1988) dimensions of "involvement" and "support." The third scale, Involvement-Patient (IP), is a unique construct that measures the degree to which a family member is involved in the rehabilitation process with respect to their involvement and relationship with the patient. The three scales yielded adequate internal reliabilities. Correlation coefficients between the scales indicated that the IR and S scale are not statistically related, but the IP scale is significantly related to both the IR and S scales. Interrater and test-retest reliability, and concurrent and predictive validity for the FIAS are still to be determined.