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Metal ureteral stents are effective for benign and malignant ureteral obstruction in the absence of urolithiasis. Good tolerability and annual stent exchange make metal stents an appealing alternative for patients with chronic ureteral obstruction treated with indwelling ureteral stents.

Stenting in chronic ureteral obstruction is a complex and challenging problem. Much work is being done in this area and many options are being explored.

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