). Seeds and thorns are also a great socio-cultural importance. The socioeconomic activities observed around the tree products concern fruits, seeds and wood marketing which constitute a socio-economic interest for local community and in particular for women. Conclusion and Application of findings:This study showed that local people in the region of Ouaddaï have a wealth of knowledge and expertise on B. aegyptiaca. The endogenous local knowledge identified and the perceptions constitute a basis for the development of conservation strategies and sustainable use of these genetic resources. Consequently, the availability of products derived from this three should be increased through his domestication and introduction into the existing local farmer production systems.
RESUMEDans le Sahel tchadien, le Balanites aegyptiaca est un arbre de grandes importances socioéconomiques pour les populations. L'objectif de l'étude a été de développer les stratégies de conservation et d'utilisation durable des ressources génétiques de l'espèce. Une enquête socio-économique et un inventaire botanique ont été réalisés auprès de 4 groupes ethniques répartis dans 3 villages. Les analyses botaniques ont porté sur 16 descripteurs morphologiques quantitatifs. Les populations locales ont une bonne connaissance de l'espèce et disposent d'un système de classification empirique utilisant des critères communs ou variables selon le groupe ethnique. Les critères communs aux 4 groupes ont été la taille de l'arbre, les dimensions et la forme du fruit, le goût de la pulpe et la taille des feuilles. Le fruit a été de loin le caractère le plus discriminant. Les descripteurs morphologiques discriminants ont été la longueur du grand axe du fruit (p<0,001), la largeur des feuilles (p<0,05) et la hauteur de l'arbre (p<0,05). Trois morphotypes ont été identifié chez l'espèce dont le plus intéressant regroupe des arbres de grande taille, aux feuilles larges et produisant de longs fruits. Ces informations ouvrent de meilleures perspectives pour la sélection variétale et la domestication de cette espèce dans la zone. © 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés : Fruitiers locaux, Balanites aegyptiaca, savoirs endogènes, morphotypes, Ouaddaï, Tchad. Morphological variability of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. in the region of Ouaddaï in Chad ABSTRACTBalanites aegyptiaca is a tree of high socioeconomic importance for the population who lives in the Sahelian region of Chad. The aim of this study was to develop any strategies of preservation and sustainable use of the genetic resources of the species. Thus, a socioeconomic survey was carried out within four ethnic groups in three villages and botanical inventory was set up for the purpose. The botanical analyses dealt with 16 quantitative morphological descriptors. The targeted communities have a good knowledge of the species and make use of and empirical classification system based on common or variable criteria according to the ethnical groups under study. The common criteria to the 4 groups were the height of the tree, the size and shape of the fruit, the pulp taste and the length of the leaf. The fruit was by far the most discriminating aspect. The discriminating morphological descriptors were the length of the main axis of the fruit (p <0.001), the width of B. ABDOULAYE et al. / Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 10(4): 1733-1746, 2016 1734 the leaf (p <0.05) and the height of the tree (p <0.05). Three morphotypes were identified in the breed, the most interesting of which concerns high, wide-leafed and long fruit producing trees. This information paves the way for better prospects as far as the selection of varieties and the domestication of the species in the area are concerned.
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