Our study suggests that MIC classification may be useful for screening patients for the possibility of osteoporosis by measuring bone stiffness with ultrasound bone densitometry.

Epidemiological study of tooth brushing is essential to evaluate dental health of a country. Objective: To obtain data on tooth brushing frequency, time of day and duration from adults and children in Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: Toothbrushes containing data loggers were distributed to 120 random families in Jakarta to record how many times a day, when and for how long subjects brushed their teeth. The families were each composed of a mother, father and two children aged between 6 and 15 years. Results: The mean brushing frequency of the population was 1.27 times per day. The majority of the tooth brushing (46%) was performed in the morning. The mean tooth brushing duration of this population was 57.29 seconds. The mothers' tooth brushing frequencies tended to be higher than that of the other family members, and the fathers tended to brush their teeth longer. Conclusion: Effective education aimed at increasing both the duration and frequency of tooth brushing from once to twice per day is urgently required in Indonesia. ABSTRAK Pengukuran frekuensi, waktu dan lamanya sikat gigi pada populasi dewasa dan anak di Jakarta, Indonesia. Studi Epidemiologi sangatlah penting untuk mengevaluasi kesehatan gigi dan mulut suatu negara. Tujuan: Mendapatkan data frekuensi, waktu, dan lamanya menyikat gigi orang dewasa dan anak-anak di Jakarta, Indonesia. Metode: Sikat gigi yang telah berisi pencatat data dijital disebar secara acak pada 120 keluarga di Jakarta untuk mendapatkan data menyikat gigi dalam keluarga tersebut. Keluarga yang dianalisis adalah bapak, ibu dan dua orang anak yang berusia antara 6-15 tahun. Hasil: Rerata frekuensi sikat gigi populasi penelitian adalah 1.27 kali per hari. Sebagian besar individu (46%) menyikat gigi pada pagi hari. Rerata waktu lamanya menyikat gigi adalah 57.29 detik. Frekuensi menyikat gigi ibu cenderung lebih tinggi daripada anggota keluarga yang lain, sementara bapak cenderung menyikat gigi lebih lama. Simpulan: Pendidikan efektif yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan lamanya dan frekuensi menyikat gigi dari satu kali menjadi dua kali masih sangat penting dilakukan di Indonesia.

Objectives: The mandibular inferior cortex (MIC) classification that was determined by observing the mandible distally from the mental foramen in panoramic radiography can be considered to reflect bone loss in the jaws. The purpose of this 9-year study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between MIC condition and total serum calcium (TSC) in elderly Japanese people. Methods: A total of 280 subjects aged 70 years at baseline (137 males and 143 females) took part in this longitudinal study design. TSC and dental panoramic radiographs were carried out at the baseline in 1998 and the final year in 2007. Results: The results of the MIC measurement were divided into two groups according to changes in MIC after the 9-year study period, namely no change group and change group. A significant relationship was found in females but not in males between the MIC condition and the TSC. The regression showed that female subjects are 3.26 times more likely to have increased erosion of the inferior border of the mandible than male subjects after the 9-year study period. Conclusions: These results suggest that an increase in erosion of the inferior border of the mandible was significantly associated with an elevated TSC after 9 years and only in females.

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