IntroductionSignificant advancements in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment have led to an increasing life expectancy among patients living with HIV (PLWH). Given this rise in life expectancy, as well as the ability to lead a more active lifestyle, the rate of total joint arthroplasty (TJA) in this population is increasing. Unfortunately, the current medical literature surrounding the safety and efficacy of TJA in this patient population is indeterminant. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if optimization of PLWH prior to TJA would result in any changes in the incidence of postoperative complications and hospital length of stay (LOS) when compared to historically reported data. Materials and methodsA retrospective study was performed of all PLWH 18 years and older who underwent either a primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA) between 2009 and 2019 at our academic institution. Medical records were reviewed for each patient to assess demographics, comorbidities, preoperative laboratory studies, operative details, length of hospital stay, complications, and follow-up time. Patients were optimized using our institution's current optimization guidelines: body mass index (BMI) less than 40 kg/m 2 , hemoglobin >12 g/dL, no tobacco use within 30 days of surgery, albumin >3.5 g/dL. Independentsample t-tests and Pearson's chi-square tests were used to evaluate the continuous and categorical variables, respectively. ResultsThis study included 47 TJA in PLWH, including 14 TKA and 33 THA. Out of the 47 patients, 13 (27.7%) were fully optimized for all four variables: BMI, hemoglobin, non-smoking status, and albumin. There was no significant difference between the group of PLWH that was completely optimized and the group that was not in any patient characteristics, preoperative labs, intraoperative variables, or postoperative variables, including length of hospital stay and complications. A larger proportion of patients not completely optimized was found to be active smokers (p=0.0003). All complications occurred in cases in which the patients were not fully optimized. Subgroup analysis of PLWH, who were completely optimized, showed an average LOS of 4.3+/-1.5 days following TKA and 2.9+/-1.1 days following THA. Subgroup analysis of PLWH not completely optimized showed that each case was optimized for at least one variable and that those optimized for albumin had the largest (12.2%) number of complications. ConclusionPLWH can achieve a low rate of complications and LOS similar to that of the general population if medically and nutritionally optimized. Additional research is necessary to reveal well-defined parameters for achieving a higher rate of optimization prior to surgery in this important patient population.

This article is intended to provide a brief review of recent Canadian judicial decisions of interest to oil and gas lawyers. The authors have surveyed Canadian case law in the areas of government regulation, conflicts, creditor's rights, surface rights, contract, tax. and other areas. Portions of many of thesesummaries have previously been published in the Cox Hanson O 'Reilly Matheson Oil and Gas Netletter on the Quicklaw service operated by LexisNexis Canada Inc.

An oscilloscope with a single-sweep circuit may be used for recording transient currents. If the current changes 1 ampere per microsecond, the oscilloscope shunt may need to have an inductance as low as .02 microhenry. An inductance tenfold lower than this can be obtained easily with a tubular resistor with a coaxial return conductor and coaxial potential leads to the oscilloscope. The resistance is provided by a layer of metal on a glass tube. Pt, Cu, and Ni have been used. Such a shunt was used to record the discharge currents of three condensers. Reasonable agreement between measured and computed currents was obtained.

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The objective was to evaluate factors associated with nursery throughput. Data consisted of 3,260 piglets from 320 litters at the NCDA Tidewater Research Station. At weaning, piglets were housed nine per pen (0.23m2 per pig) in onsite nursery facilities for 35 d. Using linear models, farrowing batch (BATCH), gender, litter size (LS), average piglet birth weight (BWT), birth weight CV (BWT_CV), piglet weaning weight (WWT), weaning weight CV (WWT_CV) and weaning age (WEANAGE) were associated with nursery average daily gain (NurADG), nursery exit weight (NurEXITWT), nursery survival (SURVIVAL) and full-value nursery pigs (FULLVALUE, pigs >13.6kg at nursery exit). Litter was the experimental unit. Average WEANAGE, WWT, SURVIVAL and FULLVALUE were 28.1 (±4.7 d), 7.8kg, 98.7% and 94.3%, respectively. Correlations between NurADG with gender, LS, BWT, BWT_CV, WWT, WWT_CV and WEANAGE were zero, -0.04, 0.24, 0.09, 0.81, 0.10 and 0.73, respectively. Factors related (P < .01) to NurADG included BATCH, BWT, WWT and WEANAGE (R2 = 0.80). Within these factors, WWT and WEANAGE explained 70% of the variation in NurADG. A 1kg increase in BWT and WWT increased (P < 0.01) NurADG by 60.3 and 19.4g per pig per d, respectively. A 1 d older WEANAGE increased (P < 0.01) NurADG by 9.36g per pig per d. Increased NurEXITWT was associated (P < 0.05) with BATCH and greater BWT, WWT and WEANAGE (R2=0.88). Within these, WWT and WEANAGE explained 83% of the variation in NurEXITWT. A 1kg increase in BWT and WWT increased (P < 0.01) NurEXITWT by 2.09 and 1.68kg per pig, respectively. A 1 d older WEANAGE increased (P < 0.01) NurEXITWT by 323g per pig. Increased BWT was associated (P < 0.01) with greater SURVIVAL, explaining 4% of the variation. Improved FULLVALUE was associated with (P < 0.05) BATCH and generally greater BWT, WWT and WEANAGE (R2 = 0.44). Of the factors studied, WWT had the greatest impact on the percentage of FULLVALUE at nursery exit (R2 = 0.36).