Republic of Srpska (RS) covers an area of 24,666 km 2 or about 48.5% of Bosnia and Herzegovina's territory. Spatial and environmental changes accelerated due to dynamic historical period upon the RS formation and the following development period. The extent of these changes can be determined by comparing satellite images obtained from different acquisition periods. By processing images, with the support of geographic information systems, it is possible to create a database that aims to analyze spatial processes in a specific area in order to determine quantitative and qualitative parameters. In this way, the trends of spatial development (e.g. excessive logging, land cover damage, water pollution, etc.) and potentially vulnerable components of the environment can be monitored. The data for Bosnia and Herzegovina were collected from CORINE Land Cover (CLC) database for 39 European countries. The CLC is a project launched by the European Environment Agency (EEA) more than thirty years ago with the aim of collecting, coordinating and ensuring the consistency of information on natural resources and the environment. The goal of the paper is to identify land cover types and determine environment changes in the territory of Republic of Srpska over the period 2000-2018 as a consequence of the land use conversion.

The paper analyses the databases Urban Atlas (UA), Imperviousness, and CORINE Land Cover (CLC) for the largest cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). The UA database contains information for five functional urban zones with more than 100,000 inhabitants: Sarajevo, Banja Luka, Tuzla, Mostar, and Zenica. The Imperviousness database is related to the subclasses of the urban atlas because the impermeability percentage has been used for a more detailed classification within the discontinuous urban area. The CLC database provides insight into the intensity of expansion of these cities during three six-year periods: 2000-2006, 2006-2012, and 2012-2018. The research has been used to analyse the expansion of urban zones, the structure, and form of cities, and the impact of urban expansion on the surrounding area. The results of the research show that, despite the negative demographic trends, there is a trend of urban expansion in B&H, mainly over the agricultural land. According to the CLC database in the period 2000-2018, artificial areas increased in spatial coverage from 1.35% to 1.7%, and urban fabric from 0.99% to 1.27%. The Imperviousness database shows that in 2018sealed areas covered 1.59% and built-up areas 0.8% of the territory of B&H. The 2013 census showed that the number of inhabitants in all five functional urban areas decreased compared to 1991, but despite that fact, the expansion of urban zones continues with a weaker or stronger intensity. So far, there has been no research on urban development based on the high-resolution layers UA and Imperviousness database in B&H, so that such research is the most significant contribution of this article.

The city of East Sarajevo is a newborn city, formed twenty years ago, after the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the area of the former southern and eastern Sarajevo municipalities. Changes that occurred in this area were not only administrative-political.Thepopulation moved from one area to another place, and changed in number and structure, which has resulted in significant changes in land use and land cover types. The aim of the paper is to analyze the types of land cover in the area of East Sarajevo using methods based on remote sensing, in order to find out the degree of these spatial changes in the period from 2000-2012, and also to define spatial development trends. Within the European project of remote research of land cover types and forms of land use, namedCO-RINE Land Cover (CLC),spacious facilities were identified from middle and large scale spatial resolution, with 5 first-level classes, 15 subclasses, and 44 subclasses of the third level of cover. Analyzing the area of East Sarajevo there are identified 3 of the first-class level, 10 second-class, and 16 third-class level types. Geodataare related to three observation periods: 2000, 2006, and 2012, comparing the situation at the beginning of the period with the situation after 12 years.

As the world's population grows, so does the pressure on agricultural land. Consequently, there is less and less agricultural land. Bosnia and Herzegovina is one of the countries whose population is decreasing from year to year, partly owing to negative natural increase and partly owing to the migrations of young people to developed western countries. However, despite the depopulation trend, there has been a significant decline in agricultural land in the first two decades of the twenty-first century. The reasons should be sought in various socio-economic processes that crucially affect spatial development. In order to understand the changes that are happening in the field, the paper analyzes the structure of agricultural land losses in B&H based on the database of the European project CORINE Land Cover. In relation to the five main land cover categories (artificial surfaces, agricultural areas, forests and semi-natural areas, wetlands and water bodies), the data show that in the period from 2000 to 2018 artificial areas increased spatial coverage, forests and semi-natural areas as well, while agricultural land decreased.The aim of the research is to identify the spatially largest changes of agricultural land subclasses into other types of land cover, in order to determine the causes and areas with the most intense pressure. This is essential given the fact that agricultural land is becoming an increasingly important natural resource over time. Based on the recent demographic and socio-economic trends, it is to be expected that the trend of decreasing agricultural land will continue in the future, but with a reduced intensity.

Many studies have shown that small climate changes can strongly affect the forest trees growth rate, many times causing changes in species habitats. In general, drought is mentioned as the main problem, so it is necessary to carry out its identification and quantification to investigate its effects on forests in Republic of Srpska. This study aims to analyse the relationship between the growth of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) at optimal altitudes in the Republic of Srpska and its climate characteristics represented by the Forestry Aridity Index (FAI) and Ellenberg's climate quotient (EQ) for 1950-2015 timespan. FAI and EQ were calculated using climate data (temperature and precipitation) extracted from a gridded dataset (E-OBS). Sampling was carried out in two localities near Vlasenica and Mrkonjić Grad at 1050 and 1030 meters above sea level (m a.s.l.), sampling the cores from 15 dominant trees at each locality. Using the Pearson Correlation Analysis, a negative impact on tree rings width (TRW) with rising index values was identified. This is especially pronounced for the index values of the year prior to the ring formation. In general, stronger negative correlations between TRW and EQ are found for the locality near Mrkonjić Grad, while FAI index showed a greater negative impact on TRW for the locality near Vlasenica.