Thirteen species of the genus Portunus Weber are recorded from Australia, including one new species and five new records. These species are described and illustrated, and a key is given to known Indo-West-Pacific species. First pleopods of males are considered in detail and a key based on their features is included. The problems of designating subgenera are discussed and the relevance of a knowledge of the structure of first male pleopods is indicated.

Keys to the Indo-Pacific subfamilies, genera, and species are given. Subfamily names are discussed, Portuninae being used in a new sense and Macropipinae being proposed for Alcock's Portuninae.Catoptrtcs and Aeneacancer are synonymized with Libystes and Ovalipes respectively so that 11 genera (Carcinus, Nectocarcinus, Libystes, Carupa, Ovalipes, Macropipus, Lissocarcinus, Caphyra, Lupocyclus, Scylla, and Podophthalmus) containing 17 species are recorded from Australia, including two new species. Whole specimens, male abdomens, and male pleopods of these are illustrated and full descriptions are given in selected cases.

The 12 species of Charybdis known from Australia, including two new records, are keyed and illustrated. First pleopods of the males are considered in greater detail than in past works, and a key based on their features is included. Minor changes in Leene's (1938) synonymy are proposed.

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