In 1991, the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) approved rmetHuG-CSF for human use. This recombinant methionyl human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, or filgrastim, saw use in over 1 million patients in its first 5 years on the market. In 2002, the FDA approved a version of filgrastim with covalent linkage to a monomethoxypolyethylene glycol, increasing the molecular size and half-life to replace multiple days of dosing with a single injection. These medications remained standard of care for neutropenia until the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009 created an abbreviated pathway to licensure for biologic products. Practitioners now have their pick of numerous and expanding options for pegfilgrastim biosimilars.

correction of our HCT-CI workflow initiates a precise process for scoring and reporting of comorbidities. We expect our novel quality improvement process to provide a superlative data management tool for future quality improvement initiatives in service of our patients, as we have recently demonstrated in the management of acute graft vs. host disease (Ravulapati et al, 2016).

Rhabdomyolysis is a life-threatening syndrome due to breakdown of the skeletal muscle. It can be caused by massive trauma and crush injuries or occur as a side effect of medications. Here, we describe a case of a 33-year-old male with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with severe life-threatening rhabdomyolysis due to a rare offending agent.

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International Journal of Case Reports and Images (IJCRI) is an international, peer reviewed, monthly, open access, online journal, publishing high-quality, articles in all areas of basic medical sciences and clinical specialties.Aim of IJCRI is to encourage the publication of new information by providing a platform for reporting of unique, unusual and rare cases which enhance understanding of disease process, its diagnosis, management and clinico-pathologic correlations. Case Report: A 53-year-old male with relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia received allogeneic stem cell transplant. After eight days post-transplantation, he developed fever and other nonspecific symptoms, followed by progressive left calf swelling and pain. The first two ultrasound studies of the affected leg showed no drainable collections despite obvious signs of local infection. The third ultrasound study, done after seven days of onset of symptoms, however, revealed a developing abscess with extensive surrounding cellulitis. Lower extremity computed tomography scan confirmed a 3.4x2.5 cm lesion with a central necrotic portion measuring approximately 1.8x1 cm within the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle. Blood cultures and drained pus from the affected calf muscle grew quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli which was sensitive to beta-lactamase antibiotics. Successful treatment was accomplished with three weeks of intravenous meropenem and abscess drainage. Conclusion: This case illustrates the unique peculiarities of infection manifestations in the immunocompromised host, especially recipients of stem cell transplant. The causative pathogen could be atypical, and the clinical and expected imaging findings may be delayed or even absent. IJCRI publishes