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: Neighborhood walkability is key to promoting health, accessibility, and pedestrian safety. The Accessible, Connected Communities Encouraging Safe Sidewalks (ACCESS) project was developed to assess sidewalks throughout an urban community in Pontiac, Michigan. Data were collected from 2016 to 2018 along eighty miles of sidewalk for tripping hazards, cracking, vegetation, obstructions, overhead coverage, street lighting, buffers, and crosswalks. Data were mapped in ArcGIS with sociodemographic characteristics by U.S. Census block group. The majority of sidewalks had moderate (57.6%) or major (29.4%) sidewalk quality issues, especially maintenance-related impediments (68.6%) and inadequate street lighting or shade coverage (87.2%). The majority of crosswalks had a curb ramp to improve access for people with disabilities (84.4%), however over half lacked a detectable warning strip (55.8%). Degraded sidewalk quality was associated with lower neighborhood socioeconomic status and a higher proportion of Black and Latinx residents. Equity-centered pedestrian infrastructure improvement plans can address these disparities by increasing accessible, safe active transport options that promote physical activity and reduce health disparities. Evaluations like ACCESS can connect public health professionals with municipal planners to advance Complete Streets plans and promote healthy living.

Purpose The purpose of the current study was to examine differences in binge eating and food addiction symptoms between Night Eating Syndrome (NES) latent subtypes: evening hyperphagia with nocturnal ingestions (EHNI), evening hyperphagia-only (EHO), and nocturnal ingestions-only (NIO). It was hypothesized that the EHNI group would report more binge eating behaviors and more food addiction symptoms than both the EHO and NIO groups. Further, it was hypothesized that the EHO and NIO groups would differ with the EHO group reporting more binge eating behaviors and the NIO group reporting more food addiction symptoms. Methods Participants completed measures online relating to night eating, binge eating, and food addiction. Average age of the final sample was 34.3 (SD = 10.5) and 62.0% were men. Responses to the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ; Allison et al., 2008) were used to create an EHNI group (n = 65), an EHO group (n = 32), and a NIO group (n = 69). ANOVAs were conducted to examine between-group differences on disordered eating symptoms. Results Participants in the EHNI group reported more severe binge eating and food addiction symptoms than those in the EHO and NIO groups. However, there were no significant differences in binge eating or food addiction between the EHO and NIO groups. Conclusion Individuals who meet both NES core criteria (evening hyperphagia and nocturnal ingestions) are likely at a higher risk for experiencing other, more severe disordered eating pathologies. Implications concerning assessment and future research on NES typology are discussed. Level of evidence Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.

Objectives To examine differences in binge eating (BE), food addiction (FA), and night eating syndrome (NES) symptoms between potential NES subtypes, namely eating hyperphagia (EH) and nocturnal ingestions (NI) as proposed by Allison et al. (2010). NES remains an overlooked and poorly understood condition in clinical settings, thus additional research is warranted. It was hypothesized that the EH subtype would present more severe symptoms of BE, FA, and NES symptoms than the NI subtype and control group. Methods Data were collected from adult, U.S. Mturk workers. The Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), Binge Eating Scale, and Yale Food Addiction Scale were used. Three groups were created using NEQ items. The EH group consisted of individuals who reported consuming >25% of daily calories after dinner with/without NI. Those who only reported NI (no EH) formed the NI group. Individuals who reported neither EH nor NI formed the control group. Results Total sample consisted of 163 (48.8%) women and 171 (51.2%) men. The mean age was 36.5 (SD = 11.8). Almost half of the sample (45.5%) reported a normal body mass index (kg/m2), 30.5% were overweight and 24.0% were obese. The majority of the sample (76.0%) were white or Caucasian and 9.6% were Hispanic/Latinx. A series of analyses of variance and post-hoc comparisons were conducted to examine group differences. All groups differed significantly in terms of BE symptoms, F(2,331) = 32.01, P < .001, with the EH group (n = 97) reporting more BE symptoms than the NI (n = 69; P < .05) and control (n = 168; P < .05) groups. Similarly, all groups differed concerning FA symptoms, F(2,329) = 57.11, P < .001; after applying a Games-Howell correction, results indicated that the EH group reported more FA symptoms than the other groups. The difference in NEQ global scores between the EH and NI groups was marginally significant (P = .074), but still in the anticipated direction. Conclusions Individuals in the EH and NI groups had worse eating pathology than the control group, and individuals who fit within the EH subtype reported more severe symptoms of BE, FA, and global NES scores than those who only reported NI. Results from the current study support the existence of two NES subtypes and are relevant to NES assessment and treatment. Funding Sources The authors received no specific funding for this work.