The aim of this study was to estimate the contribution of the effect of age, period, and birth cohort on mortality from colorectal cancer. The study analyzed data on deaths from this cancer in individuals over 35 years of age in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, obtained from the Mortality Information System (SIM) from 1980 to 2014. Mortality rates were calculated by gender and age bracket. The effect of age, period, and birth cohort was estimated by the method that uses estimable functions: deviations, curves, and drift in the Epi library of the R software. Standardized mortality rates from colorectal cancer were 27.37/100,000 men and 21.83/100,000 women in 2014. The data showed an increase in mortality from this cancer from 1980 to 2014, and mortality rates were higher in men than in women after the 1990s. Age effect was observed with an increase in the rates and aging. Generational analysis showed lower risk of death in older versus younger cohorts, possibly related to the adoption of the Western lifestyle. This scenario underscores the need for screening strategies aimed at early diagnosis and treatment of precursor lesions.

OBJETIVO: Foi descrever o padrão da mortalidade por tumores do sistema nervoso central em crianças e adolescentes do município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, no período 1980-2009. MÉTODOS: Dados dos óbitos foram extraídos do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade. Foram calculadas taxas brutas de mortalidade e específicas por sexo e faixa etária. Para a análise de tendência, utilizaram-se modelos de regressão polinomial e estimativa da variação percentual anual. RESULTADOS: Entre 1980 e 2009, os tumores do sistema nervoso central representaram 23% do total de óbitos por neoplasias no município do Rio de Janeiro em menores de 20 anos. Desses óbitos, 54,7% ocorreram no sexo masculino, 90,8% tinham localização encefálica e 87,7% eram malignos. No período, a mortalidade diminuiu 1,5% ao ano. A maior taxa foi 2,25/100000, em 1984, e a menor 0,68/100000, em 2008 CONCLUSÃO: Os tumores do sistema nervoso central em crianças e adolescentes representam hoje um problema de saúde pública, não obstante a queda da mortalidade observada no período estudado no município do Rio de Janeiro. Para avaliar se a diminuição da mortalidade é decorrente da redução na incidência ou da melhoria no tratamento desses tumores, seria importante realizar outros estudos que possam desvendar fatores associados ao seu desenvolvimento, diagnóstico e condutas terapêuticas.

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Background: The central nervous system tumours (CNS) comprise the most common group of solid tumors in childhood and adolescence. Its incidence is increasing over the past decades in many countries and some environmental risk factors may be involved. Objective:To describe the pattern of mortality from central nervous system tumors in children and adolescents in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1980Brazil, -2009 Methods: Mortality data were extracted from the Mortality Information System. Crude, sex-specific and age-specific mortality rates were calculated. For trend analyses we used polynomial regression models and the estimated annual percent change.Results: Between 1980 and 2009, CNS tumors accounted for 23% of total deaths from cancer in Rio de Janeiro in individuals with less than 20 years. Of these deaths, 54.7% were in males, 90.8% had tumor located in the brain and 87.7% were malignant. Over this period, mortality decreased 0.7% annually. The highest rate was 2.25 per 100,000 in 1984, and the lowest was 0.68/100000 in 2008. Conclusion:The CNS tumors in children and adolescents currently represent a public health problem in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, despite the decrease in mortality observed during the study period. To assess whether the decrease in mortality was due to the tumor incidence reduction or treatment improvement, further research is needed to explore the factors associated to brain cancer development, diagnosis and therapeutic results.