Viral infections have affected human health, causing critical pandemics and mortality worldwide. Viruses can also cause enormous economic problems for society globally. Bioactive compounds isolated from fungi (both edible and nonedible) have shown potential activity against viruses. In this review, we describe the fungal natural compounds that have exhibited capability to inhibit some human pathogenic viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus, dengue virus, herpes simplex virus, bovine herpes virus, influenza virus, respiratory syndrome virus, hepatitis virus among others. We focused on the biosynthetic pathways of fungal bioactive compounds and addressed the current knowledge about their antiviral mechanisms of action and specific targets. Fungal bioactive compounds are able to inhibit viral reproduction, blocking viral penetration, replication or translation as well as integrase or protease action. Fungal compounds able to inhibit protease such as. ganodermatriol, ergosterol, terpenoids, ganoderic acid GS-2, ganoderiol, sterigmatocystin, emericellin, cordycepin, ergosterol peroxide, myristic acid among others, may have a significant value to society at present, as they may have the potential to treat severe viral respiratory infections. Fungi represent a potential natural source of bioactive molecules that can be exploited for treating viral infections, which represent one of the main causes of disease worldwide. However, extensive investigations on clinical trials are required for the introduction of new antiviral agents into the market.
Las enzimas esterasas son de gran importancia en el área biotecnológica debido a las reacciones de interesterificación, transesterificación y esterificación que llevan a cabo. Las esterasas microbianas pueden ser secretadas por hongos filamentosos, levaduras o bacterias. En base a las características de cada enzima, éstas se pueden emplear en las industrias del vino y de lácteos, en la degradación de sustratos complejos, en biorremediación de sitios contaminados, entre otras aplicaciones. La enzima de interés debe ser caracterizada para que pueda ser producida a nivel industrial. El proceso de producción industrial de las enzimas se lleva a cabo principalmente en fermentación líquida. En general, este proceso consiste en una serie de pasos que inician con la inoculación del organismo, mismo que debe crecer en condiciones óptimas, posteriormente se lleva a cabo el pretratamiento de la enzima de interés, seguido del concentrado de ésta por medio de filtración para eliminar el excedente de agua y finalmente se realiza la purificación del producto.
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