The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of different arrangements of eucalyptus plants on the morphoanatomical characteristics of leaf blades of 'Marandu' grass [(Urochloa brizantha (Syn. Brachiaria brizantha)] plants cultivated in agrosilvopastoral systems. The experiment was set in field conditions in a randomized complete block design with four replicates, in which the plots were represented by planting spacings of eucalyptus (12x2 and 12x4 m), and the subplots, by the distance between 'Marandu' grass and eucalyptus rows (6, 4, and 2 m). A control was added, composed by 'Marandu' grass cultivated in full sun. Variables of the leaf anatomy of 'Marandu' grass were evaluated for shading interference by trees. The distance of 'Marandu' grass plants from the eucalyptus lines interfered with the leaf blade anatomy of the forage, and the highest modifications occurred in linear measures and tissue proportions in the arrangements with the highest eucalyptus density. The shading interference of eucalyptus on the anatomical characteristics of leaf blades of 'Marandu' grass depends on the adopted arrangement. This occurs due to the grass adaptation to the low-light incidence, with a consequent reduction in its physiological activity and growth.
The phytoremediation potential of Brazilian trees species Calophyllum brasiliense, Eremanthus crotonoides, Hymenaea courbaril, Inga striata, and Protium heptaphyllum was investigated for contaminated soils containing ametryn and hexazinone. Visual injury, chlorophyll content, plant height, leaf temperature, leaf number, and water-efficient use were evaluated. Residual herbicides at soil substrates were analyzed by LC/MS. Among the species C. brasiliense and H. courbaril were tolerant to both herbicides. P. Heptaphyllum presented tolerance at ametryn treatment. E. crotonoides, I. striata, and P. heptaphyllum died in hexazinone treatment. A high content of residual ametryn was found for E. crotonoides. In ametryn treatment, residual herbicide has decreased for C. brasiliense and E. crotonoides species. C. brasiliense highlighted among others becoming a good agent for phytoremediation of soils contaminated with traces of ametryn and hexazinone.
A competição com plantas daninhas por água ou luz pode afetar parâmetros fisiológicos das culturas de interesse. A partir desse estudo, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da umidade do solo e a competição de duas espécies de plantas daninhas em diferentes combinações nas características fisiológicas de plantas de eucalipto. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi ao acaso com quatro repetições em esquema fatorial 4 x 4. O primeiro fator correspondeu às combinações de plantas do híbrido clonal de eucalipto cultivadas em competição com picão-preto e braquiária: 1 - Uma planta de eucalipto + duas plantas de braquiária por vaso; 2 - Uma planta de eucalipto + duas de picão-preto por vaso; 3 - Uma planta de eucalipto + uma planta de picão-preto + uma planta de braquiária por vaso, e; 4 - uma planta de eucalipto por vaso. O segundo correspondeu aos níveis de água no solo: 100, 74, 67 e 60% da capacidade de campo. Foram feitas avaliações dos teores de clorofila a, b, a/b e total, bem como, variáveis relacionadas a fluorescência da clorofila. O eucalipto crescendo isoladamente mostrou maiores valores de clorofila a clorofila b e clorofila total. A relação clorofila a/ b foi inferior em todos os níveis de umidade do solo. A fluorescência inicial mostrou tendência de decréscimo com o aumento da umidade. Nas menores umidades testadas as plantas de eucalipto se encontravam em condição de estresse com valores de fluorescência variável/fluorescência máxima inferiores a 0,75.
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