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and most recently Charleston, Missouri are paving the way for the use of prestressed precast concrete pavement. The use of prestressed precast concrete pavement for the replacement of damaged roadways gives contractors and designers significant advantage by decreasing construction time, improving pavement performance, and mitigating user cost. The project in Charleston, Missouri, funded by the FHWA and MoDOT, is the focus of this thesis. A total of 101 panels were cast and seven were instrumented to monitor temperature and strain. The objectives set forth were to understand important properties of the materials used, study losses due to creep and shrinkage of precast pavement panels, and develop pre and post-tension loss prediction models and compare them to actual values measured in the pavement. Concurrent works by Cody Dailey and Grant Luckenbill examine early age performance of the precast panels and analyze strains relating to daily thermal gradients, seasonal trends, and traffic.

ABSTRACT. One of the major problems in language teaching is developing grammatical accuracy. This paper proposes that using error correction based on a functional grammar in a task-based learning approach may be a suitable solution. Towards this end an emic (using categories intrinsic to the language) functional grammar of the verb phrase is proposed and a description of how this fits into the focus on form component of task-based learning is provided.

Background Valgus extension overload syndrome (VEOS) of the elbow is a condition associated with overhead athletes. However, the non-surgical management of these individuals is not well documented. Purpose To discuss the unique presentation, management, and outcomes of an adolescent baseball player with a chronic history of VEOS experienced during hitting. Case Description A 15-year-old right-handed high school baseball catcher presented with a six-month history of right-sided ulnar elbow pain. Elbow MRI w/ contrast was consistent with VEOS. The initial examination demonstrated excessive resting right-sided humeral external rotation compared to his left. Valgus stress testing in the subject’s hitting position reproduced symptoms, which were alleviated with retest while correcting excessive humeral external rotation. Weakness of the humeral internal rotators and stiffness/shortness of the posterior shoulder were found and thought to relate to the humeral contribution to his elbow movement dysfunction. Rehabilitation emphasized addressing impairments contributing to excessive humeral external rotation with reintegration into batting. Outcomes After five weeks of physical therapy, the subject returned to soft toss hitting at approximately 75% velocity for the first time since symptom onset, without pain. At seven months after discharge, a phone conversation confirmed that the subject had returned to baseball without limitations. Discussion Despite the concept of ‘regional interdependence’, common proximal impairments are often assumed to contribute to elbow pain without a clear biomechanical rationale. Future research demonstrating the specific biomechanical effects of the shoulder on the elbow is needed, in addition to more accessible examination strategies to assess their relationship. Level of Evidence 5