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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Predicting the aerodynamic performance of an aircraft in icing conditions is critical as failures in an aircraft’s ice protection system can compromise flight safety. Aerodynamic effects of icing have typically relied on RANS modeling, which usually struggles to predict stall behavior, including those induced by surface roughness. Encouraged by recent studies using LES that demonstrate the ability to predict stall characteristics on full aircraft with smooth wings at an affordable cost [<span class="xref">1</span>], this study seeks to apply this methodology to icing conditions. Measurements of lift, drag, and pitching moments of a NACA23012 airfoil under clean and iced conditions are collected at Re = 1.8M. Using laser scanned, detailed representations of the icing geometries, LES calculations are conducted to compare integrated loads against experimental measurements in both clean and iced conditions at various angles of attack through the onset of stall [<span class="xref">2</span>]. This study will explore several critical ice shapes to validate our approach. These include early-time rime, early-time glaze, and horn ice shapes.</div></div>

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Modeling of icing is important for the design of aircraft lifting surfaces and for the design of efficient propulsion systems. The computational modeling of ice accretion prediction is important to replace the expensive experimental techniques for calculating the ice shapes in Icing tunnels, and the first step toward modeling ice accretion is to accurately compute the droplet collection efficiency which acts as the input to the accretion model. In this work, we perform large-eddy simulations of supercooled droplet transport and impingement onto complex aircraft geometries using a Lagrangian particle approach. We assess the improvement in modeling droplet impingement by computing the droplet collection efficiency and by comparing with the existing experimental data.</div></div>