No abstract

No abstract

3427Biochemical and chemotaxonomical studies were performed on some streptococci from frozen peas and bovine mastitis in an attempt to clarify their taxonomy. The results of the present and earlier studies indicate the pea and mastitis isolates represent two new species of the genus Streptococcus. The isolates from frozen peas are named Streptococcus plantarum sp. nov. and those from mastitis, Streptococcus garvieae sp. nov. The type strains are NCDO 1869 and NCDO 21 55, respectively.

The phylogenetic interrelationships of members of the genus Carnobacterium and some atypical lactobacilli isolated from diseased salmonid fish were investigated by using reverse transcriptase sequencing of 16s rRNA. The four species Carnobacterium piscicola, Carnobacterium divergens, Carnobacterium gallinarum, and Carnobacterium mobile exhibited a high degree of sequence similarity with each other (ca. 96 to 98%) and formed a phylogenetically coherent group that was quite distinct from all other lactic acid bacteria. The sequence data clearly demonstrated that carnobacteria are phylogenetically closer to the genera Enterococcus and Vagococcus than to members of the genus Lactobacillus. The strains from fish were found to be phylogenetically related to the genus Vagococcus and represent a new species, Vagococcus salmoninarum. The type strain of Vagococcus salmoninarum is strain NCFB 2777.The genus Carnobacterium was proposed by Collins et al. (4) to accommodate the species Lactobacillus piscicola (17) and Lactobacillus divergens (18) and some so-called atypical lactobacilli isolated from poultry meat (24). Currently, four species, Carnobacterium piscicola (type species), Carnobacterium divergens, Carnobacterium gallinarum, and Carnobacterium mobile are recognized in this genus (4). Although these four species form a phenotypically coherent group (4, 9), the separateness of the genus Carnobacterium (in particular its relationship to the genus Lactobacillus) remains unclear. Members of the genus Carnobacterium differ from Lactobacillus species by their inability to grow on acetate medium (4, 9) and by their synthesis of oleic acid (c18:1A9,10) instead of cis-vaccenic acid (c18:1A11,12), which is produced by lactobacilli (4). At present these are the only criteria which distinguish the two genera.Sequencing of 16s rRNA by reverse transcriptase (20, 21) is currently the most rapid and powerful technique for elucidating the natural relationships of microorganisms (26). This method produces long stretches of sequence (ca. 95% of the total sequence), which enables precise phylogenetic relationships to be determined (26). In this study we determined 16s rRNA primary structures for members of the genus Carnobacterium by using reverse transcription in an attempt to clarify the relationship of these organisms to the genus Lactobacillus and other lactic acid bacteria. In addition, the phylogenetic position of two representative strains belonging to a group of atypical lactobacilli isolated from salmonid fish was also determined. MATERIALS AND METHODSCultures and cultivation. The test strains which we used are shown in Table 1. Strains of carnobacteria, enterococci, lactococci, leuconostocs, pediococci, and streptococci and fish isolates OS1-68T (T = type strain) and Rangen 128-81 were grown in YGPB broth (12) at 30°C. Strains OS1-68T and Rangen 128-81 were isolated by R.A. Holt, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; strain OS1-68T was isolated in 1968 from an adult rainbow trout at the Oak Spring Hatchery * Corresponding...

No abstract