Many philosophers of emotion, whether perceptual or cognitive theorists, have claimed that emotions represent evaluative properties. This is often supported by an appeal to the fittingness of emotion: that emotions can be fitting shows they represent evaluative properties. In this paper, however, I argue that this inference is much too fast. In fact, no aspect of the rational assessment of emotion directly supports the claim that emotions represent evaluative properties. This inference can, however, be matured into an inference to the best explanation. But this requires coming to terms with a significant emerging rival, the attitudinal theory of emotion. In this paper, I show how this can be accomplished and the inference from fittingness to content saved.

Some philosophers claim that emotions are, at best, hindrances to the discovery of evaluative truths, while others omit them entirely from their epistemology of value. I argue, however, that this is a mistake. Drawing an evaluative parallel with Frank Jackson’s Mary case, I show there is a distinctive way in which emotions epistemically enhance evaluative judgment. This is, in fact, a conclusion philosophers of emotion have been eager to endorse. However, after considering several influential proposals—such as the view that emotions generate evaluative concepts, or the view that emotions justify evaluative beliefs on the model of perception—I conclude that the most promising contender is the notion that emotional experience acquaints us with evaluative properties.

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A specially designed diamond impregnated bit set new performance records in its initial application in a hard, abrasive Oman formation. Built for turbine drilling in the formation's sandstone-siltstones-shale, the 212.72-mm (8 3/8-in) bit drilled 588 m (1929 ft) in a single run, increasing footage drilled by 14% compared to the previous-best 8 3/8-in. run with a ROP of 2.02 m/hr (6.6 ft/hr). This performance replaced 2.7 bits through increased footage drilled and drill out capabilities. When the bit was pulled due to the BHA it was dull-graded: 3-2-WT-A-X-1-LM-BHA. The bit developed for the Oman run was a matrix body with 16 blades. Maximum durability and performance in the high-compressive strength formation was addressed with diamond-impregnated blocks on each blade and thermo/abrasion resistant PDC cutters in the bit center. Extreme drilling conditions presented by the turbine application and formation led to an optimized impregnated segment block geometry to maximize bit durability without impacting efficiency, and a change in hydraulics to maximize cooling and cleaning of the cutting faces. This paper is the first published examination of the diamond impregnated bit design process and resulting field experience in the Oman application. The study discusses the basis of the bit design and considerations in achieving operator objectives, including drilling as much footage as possible from 4190 m (13,743 ft) measured depth, while maintaining an average ROP of 2 to 2.5 m/hr (6.5 to 8.2 ft/hr). The authors examine the role of modeling and design software in optimizing durability and penetration rate in the hard formation, and they review enabling manufacturing and material advances.

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