Since the 1990s, scholars of Latin America have rediscovered maps as historical documents and mapping as a historically significant social practice. Inspired in part by theoretical developments in the broader history of cartography, particularly the notion of maps as cultural texts embedded in sociopolitical contexts that shape their production and meaning, cartographic histories of the region have flourished in recent decades, leading some to herald this development as a new direction in Latin American historiography. This essay examines the emergence and principal trends of this body of scholarship, assessing its contributions and limitations. Taking a broad approach that examines studies of both the colonial and modern periods from Patagonia to the Rio Grande, it argues that while critical map histories have transformed earlier notions of cartographic sources and deepened our understanding of traditional subjects such as colonialism and nation‐building, they have yet to reach their full potential. More dialogue between scholars in this emerging subfield, more reflection on the spatial assumptions that undergird Latin American history as a whole, and more attention to the diversity of maps available for study are needed to enhance the conceptual contributions of Latin American cartographic history and to expand its visibility both inside and outside the region.
Este artículo trata de ampliar nuestro conocimiento de como el arte visual ha contribuido a la nueva ola de imperialismo científico y representación geográfica avanzado por la España borbónica a través de sus numerosas expediciones ultramarinas al final del siglo XVIII, enfocando especialmente el viaje extensivo del Malaspina de 1789-1794 y dos cuadros de paisajes urbanos de Buenos Aires, atribuidos al miembro del equipo, el artista Fernando Brambila (1763-1834). Esto estudio intenta mostrar como la representación de esta ciudad capitalina viceregia de bajo perfíl fue condicionada no solamente por dictados científicos sino por la topografía extraña de la línea costanera del Río de la Plata y una cultura visual europea más amplia que incluía las convenciones artísticas evolucionandas de representar el espacio urbano y un interés creciente por los detalles de sitios distantes. El artículo usa este acercamiento para explicar la génesis de las dos vistas de Brambila y los motivos estéticos y prácticos por qué un cuadro, que mirando la ciudad a lo largo de su costa ribareña, se hizo el más conocido como imagen de Buenos Aires dl principio de siglo diecinueve, mientras el otro fue en gran parte olvidado.
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