The 2018 Farm Bill lowered the maximum rental payments for the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) by 10%-15% and increased the acreage enrollment cap by 3 million acres. We show that CRP acreage will decrease by 1.18 million acres (associated with a 3.3% environmental benefit decrease of the CRP) as a result of the rental rate reduction and that CRP acreage will increase by 2.32 million acres (associated with a 6.2% environmental benefit increase of the CRP) because of the acreage cap increase. The largest impact on CRP acreage and environmental benefits is predicted to occur in the Plains and the South.