Background and Aim: Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) and its conditioned medium (CM) promote wound healing. This study investigated the wound healing potential of hUC-MSC CM in vitro and in vivo using diabetic animal models. Materials and Methods: The CM from hUC-MSC CM prepared under hypoxic conditions (hypoxic hUC-MSC) was evaluated for stimulating rat fibroblast growth, collagen production (in vitro), and wound healing in animal models (in vivo). An excision wound on the dorsal side of the diabetes-induced rats was established, and the rats were randomly divided into non-treatment, antibiotic, and hypoxic hUC-MSC CM groups. The cell number of fibroblasts and collagen secretion was evaluated and compared among the groups in an in vitro study. By contrast, wound size reduction, width of re-epithelialization, and the collagen formation area were assessed and compared among the groups in an in vivo study. Results: CM under hypoxic conditions contained a higher concentration of wound healing-related growth factors. Hypoxic hUC-MSC CM could facilitate fibroblast cell growth and collagen synthesis, although not significant compared with the control group. Re-epithelialization and collagen production were higher in the hUC-MSC CM group than in the antibiotic and non-treatment groups. Conclusion: Hypoxic hUC-MSC CM possessed more positive effects on the wound healing process based on re-epithelialization and collagen formation than antibiotic treatment did.

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This research aimed to evaluate the storage system’s effect on immobilizing bioremediation agents’ performance in four different carriers (Perlite, Silica, Vermiculite, and Zeolite). Measured parameters were the viability and efficacy of artificial bacterial consortium (Bacillus sp., B. licheniformis, and Enterobacter cloacae) immobilized in the four porous rock carriers by lyophilization. They were stored at room temperature (25-27°C) for three months. The experiment was taken place in a microcosm system with three replicates for 28 days. The results indicate that storage of immobilized bacteria for three months at room temperature will affect their viability. The efficacy of immobilized bacteria in Vermiculite and Perlite reached the highest rate until the first week, 61.44% and 60.18 %, respectively. However, the efficacy in decreasing oil concentration of immobilized cells in the four carriers was almost similar (90.53 – 91.63%), with no significant difference between each other in the late stage. This is very different with control, decreasing oil in only 10.85 - 13.57%, except in control with fertilizer (Cp) supplemented (90.63%). We conclude that bioremediation will improve oil removal. However, storage at room temperature for three months will decrease the performance of these immobilized cells.

THE EFFECTS OF NOISE-MODULATED MONAURAL BEATS AUDITORY TOWARD MEMORY CAPACITY INCREMENT OF ELDERLY PATIENTSABSTRACTIntroduction: Memory impairment is one of the disturbances of cognitive function that is often found and influential in elderly life activities. Memory impairment in elderly can be improved by applying several intervention modes, including auditory stimuli, because brain waves play a role in decreasing memory function in the elderly.Aims: To determine the effect of noise-modulated monaural beats auditory stimulation on improves memory capacity in the elderly.Methods: This study was a quasi-experiment with pre-test-post-test control group design, combining two methods of interventions; pink noise and monaural beats on alpha waves. Memory Impairment Screen (MIS) instrument were used to measure memory capacity. Subjects in this study came from the elderly population at the PELKRIS Foundation Semarang which has memory impairment based on MIS score <4.Results: There were 34 subjects of 75-90 years old with memory impairment. Most of them were women. There was significant positive effect of noise-modulated monaural beats auditory stimulation that improved memory capacity in (p<0.001) and signifiant difference of influence between treatment group and control group (p<0.001).Discussion: There were positive and significant effect of noise-modulated monaural beats auditory stimulation to improves memory capacity in elderly.Keywords: Elderly, memory, Memory Impairment Screen, monaural beats, noise stimulationABSTRAKPendahuluan: Gangguan memori merupakan salah satu masalah gangguan fungsi kognitif yang sering dihadapi para lansia dan berpengaruh dalam aktivitas kehidupan lansia. Masalah gangguan memori pada lansia dapat diatasi dengan beberapa metode intervensi, antara lain pemberian stimulus suara, karena gelombang otak berperan terhadap penurunan fungsi memori pada lansia.Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh stimulus noise-modulated monaural beats auditory terhadap peningkatan kapasitas memori pada lansia.Metode: Desain penelitian berupa kuasi eksperimen dengan teknik metode pre-test post-test control group design menggabungkan dua metode intervensi, yaitu penggabungan pink noise dan monaural beats pada gelombang alfa. Kapasitas memori diukur menggunakan instrumen Memory Impairment Screen (MIS). Subjek penelitian adalah populasi lansia di Yayasan PELKRIS, Semarang, yang mengalami gangguan memori berdasarkan skor MIS <4.Hasil: Didapatkan 34 subjek dengan penurunan fungsi memori yang usia terbanyak sekitar 75-90 tahun dan jumlah perempuan lebih banyak dibanding laki-laki. Terdapat pengaruh positif stimulus noise-modulated monaural beats auditory terhadap peningkatan kapasitas memori pada lansia yang signifikan (p<0,001) dan beda pengaruh antara kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol secara bermakna (p<0,001).Diskusi: Terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan stimulus noise-modulated monaural beats auditory terhadap peningkatan kapasitas memori pada lansia.Kata kunci: Lansia, memori, Memory Impairment Screen, monaural beats, stimulus noise

Nitrification is one of the most widely used methods to reduce ammonia concentration in wastewater.The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of high-concentrated ammonia nitrification by the consortium between commercial probiotics and bacteria from the sediment of the catfish pond. The study was conducted on batch system bioreactors with a working volume of 1 liter containing 100 mg/L ammonia solution and 50 grams sediment of catfish pond. This study used a treatment variation of the concentration of commercial probiotics and the bacterial isolate from the catfish pond sediment using glucose as the carbon source. The variations of commercial probiotics added to the bioreactor were 5 ml/L, 10 ml/L and 15 ml/L. The variations of glucose concentration were 0 g/L and 3,9 g/L. Analysis of ammonia concentration was carried out by spectrophotometry using the phenate method. The highest removal efficiency of ammonia was 92.35% in the bioreactor with a mixture of 15 ml/L commercial probiotics and 3.9 g/L glucose with the fastest ammonia rate was on the third day of the experimental period. The addition of glucose in the bioreactors could increase ammonia removal by 57.39%. The result of statistical analysis indicated that variations in the concentration of commercial probiotic indicated no statistically significant difference in ammonia removal (P 0.05), while variations in glucose concentration showed a statistically significant difference in ammonia removal (P 0.05). Three isolates were successfully isolated on specific media for nitrifying bacteria. The result of bacterial identification showed that three isolated bacteria were Bacillus sp., Aeromonas salmonicida, and Burkholderia cepacia.Keywords: ammonia, nitrification, sediment of catfish pond, commercial probioticABSTRAKNitrifikasi merupakan salah satu metode yang paling banyak digunakan untuk mengurangi konsentrasi amonia pada limbah cair. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penambahan sedimen kolam lele dan probiotik komersial dalam nitrifikasi amonia konsentrasi tinggi. Penelitian menggunakan bioreaktor sistem batch dengan volume kerja 1 liter yang berisi larutan amonia 100 mg/L dan 50 gram sedimen kolam lele. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini terdiri dari pemberian variasi konsentrasi probiotik komersial dan sedimen kolam lele dengan sumber karbon glukosa. Variasi probiotik komersial yang ditambahkan pada bioreaktor adalah 5 ml/L, 10 ml/L dan 15 ml/L sedangkan variasi konsentrasi glukosa adalah 0 g/L dan 3,9 g/L. Analisis konsentrasi amonia dilakukan secara spektrofotometri menggunakan Metode Fenat. Hasil penurunan rata-rata amonia tertinggi adalah sebesar 92,35% pada bioreaktor dengan campuran probiotik komersial 15 ml/L dan glukosa 3,9 g/L dengan laju penurunan ammonia tercepat pada hari ke-3 periode eksperimen. Penambahan glukosa pada bioreaktor mampu meningkatkan penurunan amonia sebesar 57,39%. Analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa variasi konsentrasi probiotik komersial tidak menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan pada penurunan amonia (p0,05) sedangkan variasi konsentrasi glukosa menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap penurunan amonia (p0,05). Tiga isolat berhasil diisolasi menggunakan media spesifik bakteri nitrifikasi. Hasil identifikasi dari tiga bakteri menunjukkan bahwa isolat tersebut adalah Bacillus sp., Aeromonas salmonicida dan Burkholderia cepacia.Kata kunci: amonia, nitrifikasi, sedimen kolam lele, probiotik komersial