Equilibrium ring opening metathesis polymerization of low strained cycloolefins is opportunistic for the development of novel materials capable of chemical recycling to monomer (CRM). However, many of the potential materials for CRM contain complex side chains complicating predictions of their ring strain energies (RSE). The effects of different conformational considerations on RSE predictions using density functional theory (DFT) are explored. New homodesmotic equations are investigated to capture changes in olefin conformation upon polymerization. The employment of cis‐2‐butene as a corrective factor with a 2,7‐nonadiene linear analog bearing one cis and one trans olefin (H2cis) resulted in RSEs similar to previously reported ΔHp values. Different consideration of possible conformers aside from their lowest energy counterparts leads to a range of predicted RSE values. Similarly, the application of a Boltzmann distribution resulted in negligible differences in RSE. Therefore, RSE predictions using the lowest energy structures with H2cis calculated at B3LYP/6‐31+G* in toluene is a sufficient approach for predicting RSE of monomers with multiple conformers. This method can be used to screen a monomer's potential for CRM to reduce the time, cost, waste, and effort necessary to research new materials towards a more circular polymer economy.
Well-controlled ring-opening metathesis
polymerization (ROMP) of
δ-pinene is reported. The monomer is produced through a facile,
metal-free, three-step synthesis from highly abundant and sustainable
α-pinene. Using Grubbs third-generation catalyst, δ-pinene
undergoes ROMP to high conversion (>95%) with molar mass up to
70
kg mol–1 and narrow dispersity (<1.2). A highly
regioregular propagation mechanism was concluded by NMR spectroscopic
analysis that revealed a head-to-tail (HT, >95%) microstructure
and
high trans content (>98%). Successful ROMP is
corroborated
with density functional theory calculations on δ-pinene’s
ring strain energy (∼35 kJ mol–1). Poly(δ-pinene)
has a high glass transition temperature (∼104 °C) and
a unique chiral microstructure bearing gem-dimethylcyclobutane
rings. Controlled ROMP also allowed the synthesis of block copolymers
containing segments of poly(δ-pinene) and polynorbornene which
are discussed. Finally, bulk polymerization of δ-pinene is possible,
indicating a greener approach to these materials, albeit with some
loss of control.
Trithiocarbonate end groups on various polymers, including polyvinylpyridines, are reduced rapily and quantitatively using only tris(trimethylsilyl)silane and light.
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