A wildlife survey was carried out in Pendjari National Park of Benin in April 2000. The park covers an area of 2,660 km 2 . Larger mammals were censused along 97 parallel line transects. The transects lay 1 km apart and were 15 km long on the average. The total length of strips (effort) was 1,455 km. Count data were analysed with the « Distance » programme. Twenty species were recorded during the survey, including most of the larger mammals of West Africa, in particular bovids. The most abundant species were olive baboons (Papio anubis), western buffalo (Syncerus coffer brachyceros) and kob (Kobus kob), with respective densities of 3.06, 1.0 and 0.98 animals/km 2 . The total biomass of larger mammals was 0.63 t/km 2 (elephants : Loxodonta africana excluded) and 1.12 t/km 2 (elephants included). The carrying capacity for herbivores was estimated at 2.8 t/km 2 . Except for buffalo, roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus) and hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus major), both species richness and abundance were lower than in a previous survey ten years earlier, and species such as topi (Damaliscus lunatus korrigum) and leopard (Panthera pardus) were no longer detected. The results signify the need to revise and improve current wildlife conservation and management strategies to assure long-term protection of larger mammals in Pendjari National Park.Resume. -Un recensement de la faune sauvage a ete realise dans le Pare National de la Pendjari, au Benin, en avril 2000. Ce pare a une superficie de 2660 km 2 . Les grands Mammiferes ont £te recenses le long de 97 lignes paralleles. Ces transects &aient espaces d'un kilometre et avaient en moyenne 15 km de long. La longueur totale des bandes e*tait de 1455 km. Les donnees recueillies ont 6te analysees avec le programme « Distance ». Vingt espfcces ont 6t6 identifies au cours du recensement, parmi lesquelles la plupart des grands Mammiferes d'Afrique occidental, en particulier des Bovides. Les especes les plus abondantes ont 6te Papio anubis, Syncerus coffer brachyceros et Kobus kob avec des densites, respectivement de 3,06, l et 0,98 animaux au km 2 . La biomasse totale des grands mammiferes ä l'exception des elephants etait: 0,63 t/km 2 et, avec les elephants: 1,12 t/km 2 . La biomasse d'herbivores supportable a &6 estimee ä 2,8 t/km 2 . A exception du büffle, Hippotragus equinus et Alcelaphus buselaphus major, les espfcces les plus abondantes, etaient moins nombreuses que lors d'un recensement realise 10 ans plus tot. Ni le topi, ni la panthere n'ont ete vus. Ces resultats montrent qu'il est necessaire de revoir les strategies de conservation pour assurer une protection ä long terme des grands Mammiferes du Pare National de la Pendjari.
Située à proximité de Kinshasa, la province du Bas-Congo (R.D. Congo) est l'une des principales pourvoyeuses en produits vivriers de cette ville. Par conséquent, l'augmentation de la pression sur les ressources naturelles s'accentue. L'analyse diachronique du paysage peut servir à montrer l'effet des actions anthropiques sur l'occupation du sol de cette province. La présente étude a pour but la quantification de la dynamique paysagère dans une zone test de cette province entre 1960 et 2005. Elle a permis, grâce à la matrice de transition appuyée par le calcul d'indices de structure spatiale, de montrer que l'occupation du sol a profondément changé. La matrice du paysage, initialement constituée par les forêts secondaires (49,95% du paysage), s'est dégradée au profit des savanes (qui ont conquis 14,23% des forêts secondaires) et des jachères et champs (qui ont conquis 27,23% des forêts secondaires). L'étude a ainsi révélé trois processus de transformation du paysage: la savanisation, la fragmentation de l'écosystème forestier et enfin une la formation de forêt dense (succession). Ces changements-excepté la succession-sont principalement dus à des perturbations anthropiques. La pression démographique et les pratiques agricoles non durables ont orienté la modification de l'occupation du sol. Les écosystèmes forestiers ont été substitués par des écosystèmes anthropisés menaçant alors la biodiversité de cette zone.
Deforestation and forest degradation have several negative effects on the environment including a loss of species habitats, disturbance of the water cycle and reduced ability to retain CO 2 , with consequences for global warming. We investigated the evolution of forest resources from development regions in Romania affected by both deforestation and reforestation using a non-Euclidean method based on fractal analysis. We calculated four fractal dimensions of forest areas: the fractal box-counting dimension of the forest areas, the fractal box-counting dimension of the dilated forest areas, the fractal dilation dimension and the box-counting dimension of the border of the dilated forest areas. Fractal analysis revealed morpho-structural and textural differentiations of forested, deforested and reforested areas in development regions with dominant mountain relief and high hills (more forested and compact organization) in comparison to the development regions dominated by plains or low hills (less forested, more fragmented with small and isolated clusters). Our analysis used the fractal analysis that has the advantage of analyzing the entire image, rather than studying local information, thereby enabling quantification of the uniformity, fragmentation, heterogeneity and homogeneity of forests.
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