Interpersonal isolation has been implicated as a correlate of various negative psychological and psychosocial outcomes. However, less is known about how existential isolation (EI), or the feeling that no one can truly understand your subjective experience, relates to psychological maladjustment and beliefs about, and experiences with, psychosocial treatments. Representing the integration of basic social psychological science on the EI construct and applied psychotherapy-relevant research, the aim of this preliminary, cross-sectional study was to examine the association between EI and (a) specific domains of clinical distress (i.e., depression, anxiety, stress), (b) prospective beliefs about future psychotherapy (i.e., intention to seek therapy, stigma tolerance, therapist expertness), and (c) satisfaction with current mental health treatment (for the subsample of those actively engaged in it). Participants were 500 adults who completed relevant measures via the Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) platform. As expected, EI was positively correlated with depression (p Ͻ .001), anxiety (p Ͻ .001), and stress (p Ͻ .001). Also as expected, and when controlling for general distress and relevant clinical experiences, EI was negatively associated with intention to seek therapy (p Ͻ .001), beliefs about therapist expertness (p Ͻ .001), and satisfaction with current mental health treatment (p Ͻ .001). Results indicated that the negative consequences of high EI extend to clinical symptomatology, more pessimistic beliefs about psychotherapy, and worse experiences when receiving treatment. We discuss tentative implications and recommend future research directions.

Harnessing clinician information to make more personalized and informed treatment decisions could potentially promote better treatment engagement, retention, and outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record

Context-Responsive Psychotherapy Integration Applied to CBT • 153THERAPIST: (after a pause) When you put it like that, I can really sense that hopelessness. That's indeed a heavy burden to carry, and I can hear in your voice how hard this is for you.

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In this chapter, the authors trace the history of psychotherapy integration from the first attempts at rapprochement in the early twentieth century to the recent developments in the twenty-first century. The authors briefly review major contributions to psychotherapy integration from the 1930s to the 1950s, and then focus on rapprochement beginning in the 1960s through the present. In addition to outlining conceptual and theoretical advances, the authors describe structural developments such as societies, journals, and conferences that have facilitated continued research and dissemination of various models of integration. Finally, the impact of ever-changing research, practice, and social climates on rapprochement is discussed.