Driving is a task that is often affected by emotions. The effect of emotions on driving has been extensively studied. Anger is an emotion that dominates in such investigations. Despite the knowledge on strong links between scents and emotions, few studies have explored the effect of olfactory stimulation in a context of driving. Such an outcome provides HCI practitioners very little knowledge on how to design for emotions using olfactory stimulation in the car. We carried out three studies to select scents of different valence and arousal levels (i.e. rose, peppermint, and civet) and anger eliciting stimuli (i.e. affective pictures and on-road events). We used this knowledge to conduct the fourth user study investigating how the selected scents change the emotional state, well-being, and driving behaviour of drivers in an induced angry state. Our findings enable better decisions on what scents to choose when designing interactions for angry drivers.

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The relationship between workload and situation awareness (SA) has been researched generally; however, the relationship between measures of SA and workload, SPAM and NASA TLX respectively, has not been established. This study was completed using a tactical military scenario in which two participants acted as they would standing watch on a US Navy ship. One participant, the Tactical Action Officer (TAO) had reduced speech intelligibility in some trials. The results showed that the relationship between workload and SA differed by role (TAO or CICWO) and by the speech intelligibility level. This work shows the complex relationship between workload and SA and shows the need further investigation in this area, especially in teams.