Objective Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is more common in females and although the cause of RA is unknown, it is characterized by the production of autoantibodies. The aim of this study is to determine whether RA-associated autoantibodies are more often found in females than males and identify factors that influence the relationship between sex and seropositivity. Methods Databases were searched and studies of RA (N ≥100) were included if they reported proportion of seropositive RA patients by sex. Meta-analyses and meta-regression were conducted using the random effects model. Covariates regressed were smoking, age, body mass index (BMI), the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ) and the Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS-28). Results Eighty-four studies with a total of 141,381 subjects for RF seropositivity and 95,749 subjects for ACPA seropositivity met inclusion criteria. The mean age of participants ranged from 37-68 years and the proportion of female subjects ranged from 9-92%. Results indicated that females were less likely than men to be seropositive: OR=0.84[95%CI 0.77, 0.91] for RF and 0.88[95%CI 0.81, 0.95] for ACPA. BMI, smoking, mean age, DAS-28, and HAQ did not affect the relationship between sex and seropositivity. Conclusion Although studies report that females have higher RA disease activity than males and that seropositivity predicts worse outcomes, females were less likely to be seropositive than males.
Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may be associated with worse physical and mental health in adulthood, and low physical activity engagement, but the relationships are not fully understood. Objectives: To establish the scope of the literature exploring associations between ACEs, physical activity, and physical and mental health. Methods: We conducted this scoping review according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and PsycInfo for relevant articles. Results: Eighteen studies were included, 17 observational and 1 randomized controlled trial. The majority of studies were cross-sectional and employed self-reported physical activity and ACE measures. Six studies explored physical health, 9 explored mental health, and 3 explored both. Associations between ACEs and poor physical health outcomes (poor self-reported physical health, inflammation, high resting heart rate, and obesity) were consistently weaker or attenuated among those who were physically active. Physical activity may also moderate the associations between ACEs and depressive symptoms, psychological functioning, and health-related quality of life. Conclusion: Associations between ACEs and poor physical and mental health were observed in those with less frequent physical activity engagement, though the majority of evidence relies on cross-sectional observational designs with self-report instruments. Further research is required to determine whether physical activity can prevent or treat poor physical and mental health in the presence of ACEs.
Background Weight status and weight perception have a significant impact on life satisfaction. As overweight prevalence increases in Canada, it is important to understand how accuracy of weight perception (AWP) is associated with life satisfaction. This study explored the association between AWP and life satisfaction among Canadian adults with and without anxiety and/or mood disorders. Methods Using data from the 2015–2018 cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey, an indicator of AWP was created to capture concordance between perceived weight and actual weight status. Univariate and multivariate Gaussian generalized linear models were assessed while stratifying by sex and presence of anxiety and/or mood disorders. Results Our sample included 88 814 males and 106 717 females. For both sexes, perceiving oneself as overweight or underweight, regardless of actual weight status, was associated with lower life satisfaction (β = −0.93 to −0.30), compared to those who accurately perceived their weight as ‘just about right’. Perceiving oneself as overweight or underweight was associated with more pronounced differences in life satisfaction scores in those with anxiety and/or mood disorders (β = −1.49 to −0.26) than in those without these disorders (β = −0.76 to −0.25). Conclusion Weight perception is more indicative of life satisfaction than actual weight status, especially in those with anxiety and/or mood disorders.
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