The role of cognition in the preparation of counselors is highlighted by exploring research in the development of expertise.

This article reviews the available literature on career issues facing gay men, identifies potentially crucial issues confronting practicing career counselors, and suggests how to work with gay men regarding career issues. Suggestions for future research are also presented.

This study investigates differences between heterosexuals and homosexuals of both sexes with regard to several variables in the career decision-making process: anxiety about making a career choice, indecisiveness about the choice, need to acquire information about the career of choice, uncertainty about the choice, and career choice dissatisfaction. Significant interactions are found on choice uncertainty (gay men having the highest level of uncertainty and lesbian women the lowest) and choice dissatisfaction (heterosexual women and gay men showing more dissatisfaction than the other two groups).

Systematic assessments of the influence of interpersonal relationship variables on outcome are lacking in investigations of smoking treatments. The present study undertook an investigation of the influence of group cohesiveness on two multicomponent behavioral treatments of smoking. Subjects (41 women and 31 men) were randomly assigned to treatment according to a 2 (enriched vs. standard cohesiveness) X 2 (satiation vs. nicotine fading) factorial design. Enriched cohesiveness subjects not only scored higher on several indexes of cohesion but tended to be more successful over a short term in modifying their smoking behavior.

The present study examined differences in selected areas of cognitive functioning of 18 bulimic and 23 nonbulimic women. The participants were compared on variables related to cognitive and behavioral coping and self-efficacy. Our results indicated differences between bulimic and nonbulimic women on all measures. Bulimic women demonstrated higher levels of dietary restraint; lower self-appraised problem-solving ability; lower sense of personal efficacy with regard to successful performance in a variety of life tasks; and a tendency to attribute positive events to external, global, and unstable factors. The results are discussed in the context of previous research and also present implications for practicing counselors.