Previous attempts by various researchers to replicate the enhancement of spatial performance following 10 min. exposure to music have been inconsistent in their findings. In the present study 16 subjects showed reliable improvement on a paper-folding-and-cutting task after listening to Mozart's Sonata for Two Pianos in D major, as employed by others. The enhanced performance was also noted for 16 other subjects after listening to a contemporary selection having similar musical characteristics. In both cases the control procedure included 10 min. of listening to a progressive relaxation tape.

Previous research has shown that exposure to classical music can influence performance on a spatial task. The present study investigated EEG correlates of this enhanced performance effect, 4 female and 4 male undergraduates completed two equivalent spatial tests, one following a control procedure and one following the presentation of Mozart's Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major. EEG was recorded during a baseline and two task-performance periods. Test performance and EEG recordings were analyzed, and correlations were generated between task performance and EEG variables (average spectral power and peak frequency within 5 frequency ranges). Performance improved significantly following the presentation of the music. EEG analysis indicated 6 reliable correlations out of 40 calculated between differential EEG variables and changes in performance. Ten reliable correlations out of 120 were also found between changes in performance and nondifferential EEG variables across baseline, control, and experimental conditions.

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The author measured endorsement of the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) in college students following their involvement in a 2-to 3-week environmental problem module focused on global environmental problems and energy issues. The module included readings, discussion, and a writing exercise, and was presented during 3 sequential semesters within a course on research design. Students from the 3 groups were all tested subsequently in spring 2001. When compared with control data, data from students receiving the educational module showed significant increases in NEP endorsement that declined somewhat with time but remained significantly greater after 3 semesters. In contrast, retention of knowledge from the module showed a predictable decrease over time.KEY WORDS: environmental attitudes, NEP scale, environmental awareness he emerging concerns of both local and global environmental problems over the past several decades have given rise to a broad array of educational programs in primary and secondary schools (e.g., Leeming, Dwyer, Porter, & Cobern, 1993;Rickinson, 2001;Zimmermann, 1996). The implicit goal of such programs has been to create an electorate that is better informed on environmental issues and, thus, better able to make appropriate decisions that have an effect on ecological problems. It has also been suggested that children can have an important role in influencing consumption and other environmentally relevant behaviors of their parents (Uzzell, 1999). Many of these educational programs have served as sources for research data, and this research has typically looked for changes in knowledge, attitude, affect, and, occasionally, environmentally relevant behaviors. Although this behavior change is of ultimate concern, the other measures are all recognized as related to the behavioral decisions in question. Models for the determination of behavior FALL 2005, VOL. 37, NO. 1 3 T Bruce E. Rideout is a professor in the

Previous research has demonstrated that 10 min. exposure to classical music can influence performance on a spatial task. The effect, however, has not been robust, suggesting a sensitivity to individual differences and task operationalization. The present study involved a further replication of this effect. 16 female and 16 male undergraduates completed two equivalent spatial tests, one following a control procedure and one following the presentation of Mozart's Sonata for two pianos in D major. Performance showed a small but significant improvement immediately following presentation of the music.