The fact that there are social controls or restraints on individual or group professional behavior is acknowledged by all members of the Conference, although there is great variance in perceptions of the extent and nature of the existing controls, and in the degrees of rebellion or acceptance accorded them. All graduate departments, all training centers, however autonomous the chairmen or chiefs may feel, are in fact subject to a host of intra-and extra-institutional restrictions. All persons in professional practice are subject to social, legal, and professional controls of one sort or another. These are inescapable realities. The Editor-of-the-Day drew from the recorders' notes, hints at some of the considerations to which the discussion groups were reacting-

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The invitation to participate in this program to honor Dr. Bingham is a privilege which I appreciate very much. Also, in preparing for this talk forty years after I received my doctoral degree here, I have had real pleasure in reminiscing over some beginnings of industrial psychology. When I was asked to speak on this topic, I wondered what I could add to the very good chapters on the history of industrial psychology that have already been written by Leonard Ferguson, Morris Viteles, and others. However, as I reviewed the awesome growth that applied psychology has made in the span of one lifetime, I thought possibly a few personal reminiscences and anecdotes might help the younger generation get some empathy for the pioneers, such as Walter Bingham, in their struggles to develop an industrial psychology.As Viteles has reported in his chapters on the economic, social, and psychological foundations of industrial psychology, influences were at work which gave rise to the concept of industrial psychology in the second decade of this century. The principles of scientific management developed by Frederick Taylor, Gantt, Harrington Emerson, and the Gilbreths were recognized by a few psychologists as involving psychological principles. Many of these were sound contributions, but some needed to be challenged. I remember hearing Harrington Emerson lecture at another university when he described the three types of heads of persons with three different personalities. The inverted pyramid with a broad forehead and narrow chin indicated the person who was intellectual but a weak executive. The upright pyramid was the head of the forceful driver with little intellect. The square or cube head was the well balanced leader.About this time came the social revolution involving a recognition that individual welfare in industry is very much the concern of society. Welfare departments or personnel departments were new units established in some industries. In psychology there was a breaking away from orthodox Wundtian psychology confined to the laws common to all men, and an increasing interest in individual differences. This had begun earlier with Galton in England, and had been brought to this country by Cattell; but there had been comparatively little consideration of industrial problems until Munsterberg published his

Paris (16 rue de Conde) FOREWORDThis volume is a contribution to psycho-technology. Mr. Moore has made, in the following experimental and statistical study, the first approach toward a scientific solution of the problem of placement of engineering graduates in a great American industrial organization.It is a bold and novel undertaking, characteristic of a young century, to essay the application of the principles and technique of scientific method to the solution of human problems in industry. Yet it needs no rare wit to see that these very problems of human adjustment must hold during the twentieth century the focus of study and invention which during the nineteenth century were chiefly concentrated on the problem of perfecting the mechanics of manufacture. Human engineering is destined to a development comparable to that experienced by mechanical, chemical, and electrical engineering, when they first began to draw largely on the lustily growing sciences of chemistry and physics. Thanks to the foundations laid by these sciences, modern industry has a highly developed technology of materials and processes. It asks now for a technology of human nature.This study in principles and practices of personnel selection is not a popular treatise. But its appeal will be felt by at least three types of readers: the thoughtful leader of industry who ponders the trend of scientific experimentation on human problems; the young engineering graduate who is debating in his own mind whether to become a designer, a manager, or a salesman; and the psychologist who is watching, with some apprehension, the movement to put into practical use the tools he has forged.

March 1. VA in clinical. Other part-time positions available. Master's and doctoral in general, experimental, clinical, counseling and personal, social, remedial.Reprints of Ms article may be obtained from the office of the American Psychological Association jor ten cents per copy.