The low energy efficiency of buildings highlights the need for materials that bring advances in this area. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the thermal viability of walls in EPS core panels in Brazilian bioclimatic zones. For this, the software EnergyPlus 9.4 was used to analyze and compare this material with that of ceramic blocks, and the AHP-Gaussian method for decision-making on the most viable systems. Several scenarios were simulated, and the results indicated that in hot zones, even for low solar absorptance, the masonry presented better performance, with the EPS presenting 39.95% more thermal load consumption. On the other hand, in cold areas, EPS core panels were among the best solutions, depending on their characteristics. Finally, the study identifies the feasibility and impacts of the analyzed systems on energy efficiency, performance, and thermal comfort of affordable housing and the benefits of the AHP-Gaussian method in decision-making in studies in this area.