Island canaries Serinus canaria (Linnaeus) are nches native to the North Atlantic Islands, however, they have a worldwide distribution in captivity due to their relevance as a pet bird. Coccidians are the most reported parasites of passerines worldwide, both in the wild and in captivity, being frequently associated with disease in passerines kept in rehabilitation centers and commercial breeders. This study aimed to identify coccidians from island canaries kept in captivity in Brazil. Three hundred and fteen genomic DNA extracted from fecal samples of island canaries from different breeders from Southern and Southeastern Brazil were used to perform a nested PCR assay to amplify a partial fragment of the 28S small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (28S) of Isospora spp.Microscopic screening and morphological identi cation of Isospora oocysts was performed in fecal samples corresponding to PCR positive DNA samples. Fecal samples have been formalin-stored for approximately four years. Positivity rate for both microscopy and PCR was 10.5% (33/315). Posteriorly, Isospora serini (Aragão, 1933) Box, 1975 and Isospora canaria Box, 1975 were morphologically identi ed from fresh fecal samples of island canaries maintained by a breeder in the State of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, providing a genotypic characterization via sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and 28S genes. The 28S and COI sequences referring to the morphological identi cation of I. canaria was, respectively, 100% and 99% similar to sequences deposited as Isospora serinuse Yang, Brice, Elliot & Ryan, 2015 from island canaries kept in a rehabilitation center in Australia. The COI sequence referring to the morphological identi cation of I. serini was 100% similar to a sequence of an extraintestinal Isospora, corroborating this identi cation/sequencing since I. serini is the rst isosporan with an extra-intestinal cycle demonstrated. The comparison of morphological and molecular data from I. canaria and I. serini from this study with published data of Isospora spp. from canaries worldwide, allowed the speci c identi cation from preliminary generic identi cations, correction of misidenti cations, as well as the establishment of junior synonyms. Finally, this study provides morphological and molecular data that ensure the correct identi cation of the two Isospora spp. from island canaries in future studies worldwide.

Eimeriosis represents a considerable challenge faced by the global poultry industry due to the damage it causes. Three species of Eimeria in chickens, in this case, E. acervulina, E.max and E. tenella have the potential to affect the occurrence and extent of resistance to anticoccidial drugs and future vaccines. Thus, it is clear that vaccination against avian eimeriosis has an important role in maintaining biosafety and productivity in poultry breeding, since in addition to providing the immunization of animals, it helps in increasing the therapeutic efficiency of anticoccidial drugs. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of vaccination against eimeriosis in broiler birds. In total, 589 articles were compiled in research databases and scientific publications. As a filter to avoid duplication between works, 62 articles were obtained. Of these, in only five did we observe a very high degree of recommendation for the use of DNA vaccination, which was considered more effective in preventing eimeriosis, with a lower degree of side effects.

Island canaries Serinus canaria (Linnaeus) are finches native to the North Atlantic Islands, however, they have a worldwide distribution in captivity due to their relevance as a pet bird. Coccidians are the most reported parasites of passerines worldwide, both in the wild and in captivity, being frequently associated with disease in passerines kept in rehabilitation centers and commercial breeders. This study aimed to identify coccidians from island canaries kept in captivity in Brazil. Three hundred and fifteen genomic DNA extracted from fecal samples of island canaries from different breeders from Southern and Southeastern Brazil were used to perform a nested PCR assay to amplify a partial fragment of the 28S small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (28S) of Isospora spp. Microscopic screening and morphological identification of Isospora oocysts was performed in fecal samples corresponding to PCR positive DNA samples. Fecal samples have been formalin-stored for approximately four years. Positivity rate for both microscopy and PCR was 10.5% (33/315). Posteriorly, Isospora serini (Aragão, 1933) Box, 1975 and Isospora canaria Box, 1975 were morphologically identified from fresh fecal samples of island canaries maintained by a breeder in the State of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, providing a genotypic characterization via sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and 28S genes. The 28S and COI sequences referring to the morphological identification of I. canaria was, respectively, 100% and 99% similar to sequences deposited as Isospora serinuse Yang, Brice, Elliot & Ryan, 2015 from island canaries kept in a rehabilitation center in Australia. The COI sequence referring to the morphological identification of I. serini was 100% similar to a sequence of an extraintestinal Isospora, corroborating this identification/sequencing since I. serini is the first isosporan with an extra-intestinal cycle demonstrated. The comparison of morphological and molecular data from I. canaria and I. serini from this study with published data of Isospora spp. from canaries worldwide, allowed the specific identification from preliminary generic identifications, correction of misidentifications, as well as the establishment of junior synonyms. Finally, this study provides morphological and molecular data that ensure the correct identification of the two Isospora spp. from island canaries in future studies worldwide.

A Eimeriose representa um considerável desafio enfrentado pela indústria avícola global em decorrência dos prejuízos que acarreta. Três espécies de Eimeria em galinhas, no caso, E. acervulina, E. máxima e a E. tenella tem potencial para afetar a ocorrência e extensão da resistência a medicamentos anticoccidianos e às futuras vacinas. Desta forma, fica claro que a vacinação contra eimeriose aviária tem papel importante na manutenção da biossegurança e produtividade em criações de aves, pois além de propiciar a imunização dos animais auxilia no aumento da eficiência terapêutica dos fármacos anticoccídianos. Neste estudo, nós investigamos a eficácia da vacinação contra a eimeriose em aves de corte. No total, foram compilados 589 artigos, em bases de dados de pesquisa e publicações científicas. Como filtro para evitar a duplicidade entre os trabalhos, foram obtidos 62 artigos. Destes, em apenas cinco observamos um grau de recomendação altíssima do uso da vacinação de DNA, que foi considerada mais eficaz na prevenção da eimeriose, com menor grau de efeitos colaterais.