The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.
Introdução: a responsabilidade civil está baseada na obrigação em reparar os danos causados e, no caso da Odontologia, tal demanda pode ocorrer na relação profissional-paciente. O número de ações movidas contra cirurgiões-dentistas vem crescendo, denotando a importância de conhecer tal realidade nas mais diferentes regiões do Brasil. Objetivo :realizar um levantamento das ações judiciais envolvendo questionamento de tratamentos odontológicos com enfoque na responsabilidade civil e analisar suas características, no município do Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil, entre os anos 2010 e 2017. Metodologia: a pesquisa foi realizada por meio de busca online no site do Tribunal da Justiça do Rio de Janeiro, a partir de listagem pública com os nomes dos cirurgiões-dentistas inscritos no município. Resultados: frente aos 15.749 profissionais regularmente inscritos no município, foram encontrados 141 processos, dos quais 90 puderam ser analisados. 42,22% dos processos ainda estavam em andamento, e 57,77% concluídos. Conclusão: analisando as características de cada processo, concluiuse que o número de processos contra cirurgiões-dentistas aumentou nos últimos anos, envolvendo principalmente as áreas de Implantodontia, Prótese Dentária, Endodontia e Cirurgia, e com resultados em que predominantemente o cirurgião-dentista teve que indenizar a parte ré.
The underrepresentation of women in male-dominated fields of study can generate a lack of role models for female students, which may influence their career choices. This paper sheds light on this question, investigating the existence of impacts of the gender composition of instructors and peers in the Department of Economics from a selective Brazilian university. Specifically, we analyze whether having higher shares of female professors and classmates throughout undergraduate studies in Economics affects female students' labor market outcomes. We use comprehensive administrative data from the University of Sao Paulo, containing information on students' academic results and students', instructors', and course sections' characteristics. We merge these data with Brazilian labor market and firm ownership data to obtain a broad range of career outcomes, including labor force participation, occupational choices, career progression, and wages. To overcome endogeneity issues arising from students' self-selection into professors and peers, we exploit the random assignment of students in the first-semester classes and focus on mandatory courses. A higher representation of women in a male-dominated field, such as Economics, increases female students' labor force participation. Moreover, larger female faculty shares increase the probability that a female student becomes a top manager. These results suggest ways to counteract the highly discussed glass ceiling in high-earning occupations. We show that students' academic performance and elective coursechoice are not driving the effects. Instead, we find suggestive evidence that higher shares of female classmates may increase the likelihood of working during undergraduate studies, leading to stronger labor market attachment.
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