It is assumed that singing is a highly complex activity, which requires the activation and interconnection of sensorimotor areas. The aim of the current research was to present the evidence from neuroimaging studies in the performance of the motor and sensory system in the process of singing. Research articles on the characteristics of human singing analyzed by neuroimaging, which were published between 1990 and 2016, and indexed and listed in databases such as PubMed, BIREME, Lilacs, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO were chosen for this systematic review. A total of 9 articles, employing magnetoencephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and electrocorticography were chosen. These neuroimaging approaches enabled the identification of a neural network interconnecting the spoken and singing voice, to identify, modulate, and correct pitch. This network changed with the singer's training, variations in melodic structure and harmonized singing, amusia, and the relationship among the brain areas that are responsible for speech, singing, and the persistence of musicality. Since knowledge of the neural networks that control singing is still scarce, the use of neuroimaging methods to elucidate these pathways should be a focus of future research. Keywords: Voice; Neuroimaging; Music RESUMO Admite-se que o canto seja uma atividade de alta complexidade pois requer ativação e interconexão de áreas sensório-motoras. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo apresentar as evidências originadas por estudos de neuroimagem sobre a atuação do sistema motor e sensitivo na produção do canto. Na construção da revisão sistemática, foram premissas o período de publicação entre 1990 e 2016, artigos publicados em periódicos indexados e constantes nas bases de dados PubMed, BIREME, Lilacs, Web of Science, Scopus ou EBSCO, referentes a estudos sobre características do canto humano analisadas por neuroimagem. Os nove artigos analisados, com emprego de magnetoencefalografia, imagem por ressonância magnética funcional, tomografia por emissão de pósitrons ou eletrocorticografia, possibilitaram comprovar existência de uma rede neuronal interligada entre a modalidade falada e cantada para identificação, modulação e correção de violações de pitch, que podem ser alteradas com o treinamento do cantor, bem como alteração da estrutura melódica e harmonização do canto, amusia, relação entre áreas cerebrais responsáveis pela fala, canto e persistência da musicalidade. Assim, o conhecimento das áreas cerebrais e das interconexões necessárias ao canto ainda é escasso e deve ser um tema de pesquisas no futuro, empregando métodos de neuroimagem.
Purpose: to evaluate the methodological quality of clinical trials published in Brazilian journals. Methods: four trained independent researchers conducted a systematic literature search of all Brazilian speech therapy-related journals over the last ten years, whether the journals were active or inactive. All journal volumes published during that period were selected, and each researcher conducted an individual analysis to identify articles that focused primarily on orofacial motricity. The tools used were the Downs and Black Quality Checklist and the Jadad scale. Results: after the studies were selected and categorized, the final sample comprised six articles, all of which were classified as clinical trials. The observed methodological limitations included a lack of sample planning, randomization and blinding. Mean scores of 16.3 points on the Downs and Black Quality Checklist and 2.3 on the Jadad scale were obtained. Conclusion: the randomized controlled trials in the area of orofacial motricity are scarce in Brazilian literature, suggesting that studies in this area adopting this research design should be expanded and their quality should be improved to promote clinical practice based on scientific evidence.
A complete review of Brazilian scientific articles on orofacial myology (OM) published in the last 10 years was conducted to describe, categorize and quantitatively analyze studies in the field of OM. Data were collected from all Brazilian journals on speech-language and hearing sciences published between 2005 and 2015. All articles were reviewed and categorized according to the year of publication, type of article and subject area. Furthermore, all studies conducted on humans that reported quantitative data were analyzed regarding age group, scope, main objective and type of study. The data were discussed from the standpoint of scientific methodology applied for the improvement of methods and for evidence-based scientific development. Moreover, aspects to be considered in future studies in this field are suggested. Keywords: Evidence-Based Clinical Practice; Subject-Based Literature Review; Myofunctional Therapy; Method RESUMO Esta pesquisa revisou de modo integral a produção científica brasileira em Motricidade Orofacial nos últimos 10 anos e teve como objetivo realizar uma descrição e categorização geral das publicações em motricidade orofacial e analisar os estudos quantitativos na área. Os dados foram coletados em todas as publicações em motricidade orofacial publicadas nos últimos dez anos, após uma análise integral de todos os periódicos brasileiros em Fonoaudiologia. Os artigos foram categorizados quanto ao ano, tipo de artigo e área temática. Além disso, foram analisados sobre a faixa etária, abrangência, essência do objetivo e tipo de estudo todos os artigos realizados com seres humanos e com dados quantitativos. Os dados foram discutidos sob a ótica da metodologia científica aplicada ao aperfeiçoamento do método e desenvolvimento da ciência baseado em evidências. Além disto, os dados são analisados com sugestões de aspectos potenciais a serem considerados para futuras pesquisas na área.
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