Trypanosoma comprises flagellates able to infect several mammalian species and is transmitted by several groups of invertebrates. The order Chiroptera can be infected by the subgenera Herpetosoma, Schizotrypanum, Megatrypanum and Trypanozoon. In this study, we described the diversity of bat trypanosomes and inferred phylogenetic relationships among the trypanosomes from bats caught in Tapajós-Arapiuns Extractive Reserve (Resex) in Pará state. Trypanosomes from bats were isolated by means of hemoculture, and the molecular phylogeny was based on the trypanosome barcode (SSUrDNA V7V8 variable region). A total of 111 bats were caught in the area, belonging to three families (Emballonuridae, Molossidae and Phyllostomidae) and 12 species. The bat trypanosome prevalence, as evaluated through hemoculture, was 9% all positive cultures were cryopreserve (100% of isolation success). Phylogenetic trees grouped nine isolates in T. cruzi marinkellei branch and only one in T. dionisii branch. Studies on bat trypanosome diversity are important for identifying pathogenic species and for generating support for control measures, especially in such areas where humans inhabit the forest with close contact with bat species. In addition, this is the first study in Resex Tapajós-Arapiuns extractive reserve and further studies should be conducted to elucidate the role of these parasites as environmental degradation biomarkers.Keywords: Trypanosoma, Chiroptera, Amazon, phylogeny, taxonomy. ResumoTrypanosoma compreende flagelados capazes de infectar diversas espécies de mamíferos e são transmitidos por diferentes grupos de invertebrados. A ordem Chiroptera pode ser parasitada pelos subgêneros Herpetosoma, Schizotrypanum, Megatrypanum e Trypanozoon. Neste estudo é descrita a diversidade de tripanossomas de morcegos capturados na Reserva Extrativista Tapajós-Arapiuns, no Estado do Pará. Os tripanossomas de morcegos foram isolados através de hemocultura e os estudos filogenéticos baseados na região de barcode de tripanossomas (SSUrDNA V7V8 região variável). Foram capturados 111 morcegos pertencentes a três famílias (Emballonuridae, Molossidae e Phyllostomidae) e 12 espécies. A prevalência dos tripanossomas de morcegos, avaliada por hemocultura, foi de 9% para as culturas positivas e todas foram criopreservadas (100% de eficiência no isolamento). As árvores filogenéticas agruparam nove isolados no ramo de T. cruzi marinkellei e um único isolado de T. dionisii. Estudos sobre a diversidade de tripanossomas de morcegos são importantes para identificar espécies patogênicas e gerar suporte para medidas de controle, principalmente em áreas silvestres com contato entre as populações humanas e de morcegos. Além disso, este foi o primeiro estudo realizado na Resex Tapajós-Arapiuns e novos estudos devem ser conduzidos para elucidar o papel destes parasitas como marcadores de degradação ambiental.Palavras-chave: Trypanosoma,

According to Baldissera et al. (2004) the Rhinella crucifer group includes five recognized species: Rhinella crucifer (Wied-Neuwied, 1821); R. ornata (Spix, 1824); R. henseli (A. Lutz, 1924); R. abei and R. pombali (Baldissera, Caramaschi & Haddad, 2004). The distribution of this group is associated to the Atlantic Rain Forest, from Ceará to Rio Grande do Sul, adjacent areas in Minas Gerais and São Paulo, Brazil. One species also occurs in Uruguay and northeastern Argentina, in the Misiones and Corrientes provinces (Baldissera et al. 2004; Frost 2011). Thomé et al. (2010) in a phylogeographic study of the Rhinella crucifer group identified two subclades in northeastern Brazil and adjacent areas: one ranging from Bahia to Paraíba and another from Minas Gerais to Espírito Santo. Of five species belonging to the R. crucifer group, only two have described tadpoles, R. ornata and R. pombali (Heyer et al. 1990, where the tadpole described as R. crucifer represents R. ornata; Lourenço et al. 2010). Here we described the tadpole of R. crucifer from a population from southern Bahia.