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Precis-Prediction of location of a symptomatic first-trimester pregnancy based on clinical symptoms and risk factors is possible, but must be used in conjunction with outpatient surveillance.Objective-To evaluate three strategies for diagnosis of women at risk for ectopic pregnancy based on information collected at initial presentation.Methods-Strength of association for risk factors, signs and symptoms obtained at initial presentation of women with pain, bleeding, or both in a first trimester pregnancy and a non-diagnostic ultrasound were calculated using a cohort of 2,026 women. Three models (logistic regression, a numeric scoring system and a Classification and Regression Tree) were created to predict final outcome and tested on a second cohort of 1,634 women. Accuracy was assessed using 2-by-2 tables evaluating the decision of send home vs. do not send home (combination of monitor or intervene) and intervene vs. do not intervene (monitor or send home). Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were calculated.Results-The ultimate diagnosis of women in the test population was 304 (18.6%) patients with an ectopic pregnancy, 834 (51.0%) with miscarriage and 494 (30.2%) with an ongoing intrauterine pregnancy. A total of 95.9% of patients with ectopic pregnancy or miscarriage were correctly assigned to the strategy to monitor or intervene upon based on the scoring system, and 97.6% based on the Classification and Regression Tree. The specificity of the decision to send a patient home with a likely intrauterine pregnancy was greater than 95% for all three methods. The sensitivity of all strategies in the decision to intervene for an ectopic pregnancy was greater than 98%.Conclusion-A simplified scoring system based on five factors (age, ectopic history, bleeding, prior miscarriage, and hCG level) was as effective as a Classification and Regression Tree or logistic regression modes in predicting outcome of women at risk for ectopic pregnancy. Prediction of location of a symptomatic first-trimester pregnancy based on clinical symptoms and risk factors is possible, but must be used in conjunction with outpatient surveillance.

Objective: Symptoms of vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain are common in cases of ectopic pregnancy (EP), spontaneous abortions (SAB), and complications of an intrauterine pregnancy (IUP). It is important to determine if efforts should focus on differentiating EP from an IUP (IUP ϩ SAB) or a viable IUP from a nonviable gestation (EP ϩ SAB) in women at risk for EP. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of women who presented with bleeding or pain or both during the first trimester of pregnancy. The cohort was divided into subjects diagnosed with IUP vs. (EP ϩ SAB). The same cohort was then divided into subjects diagnosed with EP vs. (IUP ϩ SAB). Logistic regression models based on risk factors for both outcomes (EP vs. Conclusions: Information collected at initial presentation from women at risk for EP to be used for building prediction rules should focus on differentiating a viable from a nonviable pregnancy rather than attempting to distinguish an extrauterine from an intrauterine pregnancy. However, this distinction should not affect current clinical care. 195