A tarumarana (Buchenavia tomentosa Eichler) é uma espécie florestal com potencial para a recomposição florestal no bioma Cerrado. No entanto, a formação das mudas dessa espécie, via semente, fica comprometida, por esta apresentar dormência tegumentar. Com base nessa problemática, desenvolveu-se um experimento com o objetivo de avaliar a escarificação ácida e a imersão em água, como métodos para a superação da dormência de pirênios de tarumarana. Os tratamentos testados foram: T0 – sem tratamento para superação da dormência; T1 – imersão em água quente por uma hora; T2 – imersão em água quente por uma hora e meia; T3 – imersão em água quente por duas horas; T4 – imersão em ácido sulfúrico por uma hora; T5 – imersão em ácido sulfúrico por uma hora e meia. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 20 pirênios de tarumarana por repetição. Ao final de 30 dias, a contar do começo das emergências, foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), o tempo médio de germinação (TMG), porcentagem de germinação (G) e o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), comprimento da parte aérea (H) e diâmetro de coleto (DC). O método mais eficiente para a superação da dormência dos pirênios de tarumarana foi a imersão em água quente por uma hora e meia, que garantiu a maior taxa de germinação. No entanto, a imersão em água quente, como método para superação da dormência de pirênios de tarumarana, não influenciou de forma significativa no crescimento inicial em altura e em diâmetro das mudas obtidas. Palavras-chave: Buchenavia Tomentosa. Ácido Sulfúrico. Água Quente. Quebra de Dormência. Semente Florestal. Abstract Tarumarana (Buchenavia tomentosa Eichler) is a forest species with potential for restoration in the Cerrado biome. However, the formation of seedlings of this species, via seed, is compromised, because it presents integumentary dormancy. Based on this problem, an experiment was developed with the objective of evaluating acid scarification and immersion in water, as methods for overcoming dormancy in tarumarana pyrenes. The tested treatments were: T0 - without treatment to overcome dormancy; T1 - immersion in hot water for one hour; T2 - immersion in hot water for one hour and a half; T3 - immersion in hot water for two hours; T4 - immersion in sulfuric acid for one hour; T5 - immersion in sulfuric acid for one hour and a half. The experiment was carried out in completely randomized design, with 20 pyrenes of tarumarana per repetition. At the end of 30 days, counting from the beginning of emergencies, the following variables were evaluated: germination speed index (IVG), average germination time (TMG), germination percentage (G), the germination speed index (IVG), shoot length (H) and diameter (DC). The most efficient method for overcoming dormancy in tarumarana pyrenes was immersion in hot water for one hour and a half, which guaranteed the highest germination percentage. However, immersion in hot water, as a method to overcome dormancy of tarumarana pyrenes, did not influence, significantly, the initial growth in height and diameter of the seedlings obtained. Keywords: Buchenavia tomentosa. Sulfuric Acid. Hot Water. Breaking Dormancy. Forest Seed.
Forms of application of nitrogen in different stages of the development of soybean culture Formas da aplicação de nitrogênio em diferentes estádios do desenvolvimento da cultura da soja
A tarumarana (Buchenavia tomentosa Eichler) é uma espécie típica de Cerrado, que pode ser utilizada na sua restauração florestal. Porém, produzir mudas dessa espécie requer, primeiramente, conhecer o método mais eficiente para a superação da dormência de suas sementes. Diante disso, foram desenvolvidos experimentos para avaliar as escarificações ácida e salina, como métodos para a superação da dormência de pirênios de tarumarana. Foram dois experimentos: o primeiro com escarificação com ácido sulfúrico (H2SO4), nos tempos T0 – sem escarificação; T1 – por 10 minutos; T2 – por 20 minutos; T3 – por 30 minutos; e T4 – por 40 minutos, e o segundo com pré-embebição em solução salina de nitrato de potássio (KNO3), T0 – sem embebição; T1 – a 0,1% por 10 minutos; T2 – a 0,2% por 20 minutos; T3 – a 0,3% por 30 minutos; e T4 – a 0,4% por 40 minutos. Estes ensaios foram realizados em laboratório pertencente � Universidade de Cuiabá, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com os pirênios de tarumarana. Para compor os tratamentos foram utilizados 20 pirênios (em cada tratamento - tempo), cada qual com cinco repetições. As variáveis utilizadas para caracterizar a eficiência dos métodos foram: índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), tempo médio de germinação (TMG), velocidade média de germinação (VMG), germinação (G), altura das plantas (H), diâmetro das plantas (DC). Verificou-se que, a imersão em H2SO4 não foi eficiente. No entanto, a pré-embebição em KNO3 proporcionou até 85% de germinação, sendo recomendado, nas condições de KNO3 0,2% por 20 minutos ou KNO3 0,3% por 30 minutos.
Aims: The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of agrometeorological models for estimating the yield potential of corn in municipalities of the State of Mato Grosso, referring to the 2014/2015 harvest period. Location and Duration of the Study: Due to their great potential on corn crop cultivation, four cities were chosen within the State of Mato Grosso: Nova Mutum, Lucas do Rio Verde, Sorriso and Sinop. 2014/2015 harvest period. Methodology: The yield data were obtained by the Farming Economy Institute of Mato Grosso-IMEA. The physiological ripening cycle considered was 120 days and the seeding period 02/02/2015 and harvest 01/06/2015. In order to calculate yield and the water stress, it was necessary to gather data from meteorological stations near the cities where the work was produced, these data were available at the National Institute of Meteorology. The estimated potential yield data were compared among the agrometeorological models, as well as the real yield obtained in the selected municipalities. Results: The estimated potential yield data were compared among the agrometeorological models, as well as the real yield obtained in the selected municipalities. There were variances between the agrometeorological models studied, on average estimated 5413.68 kg ha-1 at model 1 and 6766.45 kg ha-1 аt the model 2 (Table 3). It was observed that Model 1 estimated greater yield for Nova Mutum, followed by Sinop, Sorriso and Lucas do Rio Verde, and yet the Model 2 estimated greater potential for Lucas do Rio Verde, followed by the municipalities of Sinop, Sorriso and Nova Mutum (Picture 1 and Table 3). In this regard, the model 2 has characterized the closest potential yield, from the environment yield reality. Conclusion: The Model 2 has characterized the potential yield closer to the reality of production environment. The difference of all potential yield of corn from all municipalities studied were all directly related to factor interaction which interferes on its growth and development, consequently the difference among these environments. Taking into account the effects of water conditions, the chosen period for seeding can harm the corn yield in the municipality of Lucas do Rio Verde.
Objective: Inoculation is an important agricultural practice in soybean cultivation that guarantees high productivity without the external input of nitrogen. The objective of this study was to evaluate if the complementary of liquid inoculant (Bradyrhizobium japonicum), via leaf, in different times and different application rates, affects the nodulation, plant growth and soybean productivity. Study design: A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used, with four replications, in a 5x3 factorial scheme, evaluating the complementary inoculant application, via foliar (0; 75; 150; 225 e 300 mL ha-1), in three stages of vegetative development of the crop (V2, V4 e V6). Location and duration of the study: The study was performed in a commercial area, in the municipality of Sinop, in the northern of Mato Grosso State, between October 2017 and February 2018. Methodology: The cultivation was in soil classified as Red-yellow Latosol with of clayey texture, was in a direct seeding system, using the cultivar NS7901RR. The seeds used were treated and inoculated at sowing, with turfous inoculant and liquid. The experimental units received the complementary applications of inoculant, via pulverization, at 15, 21 and 28 days after emergence, according to the treatment. Results: It was verify that the different times of application of foliar inoculant, does not condition significant differences to the parameters measured in this study. The complementary inoculant application affected, significantly, the leaf chlorophyll index (P <0.05), as well as the dry matter mass of the plants (P <0.001). Up to 300 mL ha-1, a gradual increase in grain yield was verified. Conclusion: The complementary supply of liquid inoculant (B. japonicum), via foliar, in different rates application, affects the nodulation and development of the plants and the productive yield of the crop.
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