Screening HIV infection in pregnancy provides an ideal opportunity to make an early diagnosis in women in order to provide treatment to reduce vertical transmission to the newborn. The objectives were to describe the profile of HIV-infected pregnant women attending municipal hospitals in Vitória and to identify the causes associated with the lack of HIV therapeutic prophylaxis. Descriptive analysis of antenatal and HIV surveillance data of pregnant women in Vitória, Brazil from 1997 to 2001 was performed. HIV infection was reported in 208 pregnant women. Their median age was 23 years, antenatal care was reported in 96.2% and HIV infection was diagnosed during antenatal care in 60.1%. Zidovudine (ZDV) therapy was initiated in 88% of the cases, 57.9% of which started before 20 weeks of gestation. The remaining 12% of the total of pregnant women received no therapy. Factors associated with lack of mother to child transmission (MTCT) prevention were: test not available (14 cases), delay of test result (seven cases) and patient's refusal to take medication (four cases). After delivery, 8.2% of the newborn did not receive ZDV and 14 women breastfed. Among the 196 live births, 3.1% (95%CI 1.9-4.3) of MTCT was reported. These data from an area with comprehensive HIV and antenatal surveillance provide an opportunity to identify gaps in public health efforts to reduce MTCT.

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Introduction: This study evaluated the possibility of performing in our midst the open radical prostatectomy with discharge on the same day of the procedure, aiming the improvement of postoperative recovery and reduce hospital costs without loss of quality of care, or decreased patient satisfaction with treatment. Patients and Methods: We selected 27 patients with localized prostate cancer during the period from April 2011 to January 2012, which had a low surgical risk and opted for the open radical prostatectomy. We evaluated the feasibility of outpatient open radical prostatectomy, perioperative complications, and patient satisfaction with treatment. Results: Eleven (40.7%) patients were discharged on the same day of the procedure; thirteen were discharged in the morning after surgery and three in the second postoperative day. All patients underwent general anesthesia. The use of opioids in safe doses for epidural anesthesia was administered in 13 patients, improving pain control and enabling early discharge in 8 (61.5%) patients. Only 3 (21.4%) patients who did not receive epidural opioid achieved discharge on the same day of surgery (p = 0.04). No patient had a major complication or was readmitted to the hospital. There was no difference in patient satisfaction with treatment between the group of the same day surgery and the patients with longer hospitalization. Conclusion: The open radical prostatectomy can be performed with safety on an outpatient basis, in properly selected patients, with no decrease in patient satisfaction with treatment.