Cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis is usually associated with immunosuppressed patients, which by the classic definition are individuals who have immunosuppressed associated conditions (human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], oncology diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, transplant patients) or who are submitted to immunosuppressing therapies (for instance, corticosteroids, chemotherapeutic agents or immunomodulation therapies). In immunocompetent patients, this diagnosis tends to be often missed, leading to a delay in initiating proper management. We present a case of a 91-year-old woman that was diagnosed with CMV colitis without any identified formal immunocompromising factors.We intend to highlight the need to review the definition of an immunosuppressed individual and emphasize that CMV colitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis, especially in elderly patients and those with underlying conditions that can possibly affect their immune status, since prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential and influence the prognosis.

Aortoenteric fistulas (AEFs) are a rare and deadly cause of gastrointestinal bleeding that can be easily overlooked, leading to massive bleeding. Secondary AEFs are more common than primary AEFs. An example of a secondary cause of anemia is postoperative hemorrhage due to a surgically placed aortic graft or after endovascular aneurysm repair. This report aims to increase the awareness of AEF as a differential diagnosis when anemia is detected.The clinical report presents a case of anemia in a 79-year-old man due to a secondary AEF, which occurred in a patient who had undergone abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery 10 years before. Surgical repair is considered the gold standard for AEF treatment; however, in this case, the patient was managed with medical therapy and discharged after two months.