Research involving transgender and gender diverse people (TGD) increased in the last years, mostly concerning healthcare associated to this population. Few studies dedicated their analysis to the impact of parental support on transgender people, even though this is an important aspect in creating a safe environment on which these individuals can build their identity. In addition, the link between family support, TGD identity and homelessness is not completely established. Thus, due to the specificities of the family context of TGD individuals, the aim of this study is to investigate the association between family support and TGD in different moments of the process of gender affirmation. In addition, this study also aims to explore the relationship between a lack of social support and low self-esteem, home abandonment, and dwelling in the street. The survey was designed based on the TransPULSE project and was made available in electronic format. The sample was constituted of 423 TGD residents in two Brazilian states. A Structural Equation Model analysis suggested that the impact of gender affirmation status on homelessness was mediated by parental support, through self-esteem, and the need to move from home. The association between the status of the gender affirmation procedures, family support and self-esteem was significant and indicated that the further TGD individuals advanced in gender affirmation, the more self-esteem and family support they would have. The association between family support and self-esteem indicated that family support was associated with higher self-esteem. Low family support was associated with the willingness to move from home due to one’s TGD status and there was also a significant correlation between low self-esteem and the willingness to move from home due to one’s TGD status. Finally, homelessness was associated with the willingness to move with a large effect size. Limitations include the sample that was constituted by individuals with Internet access and who had more contact with TGD communities. The findings indicate directions for interventions involving TGD people and their families, considering the parental relationship as a critical variable to improve TGD quality of life in the process of gender affirmation.

Ludgleydson Fernandes Araújo (Lattes)Psicólogo, Doutor em Psicologia pela Universidad de Granada (Espanha) com período sanduíche na Università di Bologna (Itália) e Professor orientador do Programa de Pós-Graduação (Stricto Sensu) em Psicologia da Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI). ResumoO presente estudo objetivou investigar a relação entre o contato interpessoal com homossexuais e as crenças sobre a adoção por casais do mesmo sexo. A hipótese principal do estudo foi de que os sujeitos com maior nível de contato interpessoal apresentam características mais favoráveis à homoparentalidade. Utilizou-se instrumento de caráter quantitativo, exploratório e analítico (survey com desenho quase-experimental) através de coleta on-line, da qual participaram 732 indivíduos, os quais foram direcionados aleatoriamente para um de três cenários com histórias acerca de casais adotantes (heterossexuais, gays e lésbicas). Os participantes responderam questionário sociodemográfico, sucedido de instrumentos sobre religiosidade e espiritualidade, posicionamento político e crenças sobre homossexualidade. A análise dos dados encontrou relação estatisticamente significativa entre as variáveis intensidade do contato e adoção homoparental. Verificou-se que os participantes foram mais favoráveis à adoção quando o casal adotante era formado por heterossexuais, seguido de lésbicas, com maior rejeição para os gays. Discute-se o impacto se medidas de apoio à diversidade e incentivo à adoção por casais homoafetivos fossem garantidas. Palavras Keywords: adoption; homosexuality; homoparentality Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo fue investigar la relación entre el contacto interpersonal con homosexuales y creencias sobre la adopción por parejas de mismo sexo. La hipótesis principal del estudio fue la de que los sujetos con mayor nivel de contacto interpersonal presentan características más favorables a la homoparentalidad. Fue utilizado instrumento de carácter cuantitativo, exploratorio y analítico (survey con diseño casi-experimental) por medio de recogida on-line, de la cual participaron 732 individuos, que fueron direccionados al azar para uno de los tres escenarios con historias acerca de parejas adoptantes (heterosexuales, gays y lesbianas). Los participantes respondieron cuestionario socio-demográfico, sucedido de instrumentos sobre religiosidad y espiritualidad, posición política y creencias sobre homosexualidad. El análisis de los datos encontró relación estadísticamente significativa entre las variables intensidad del contacto y adopción homoparental. Fue comprobado que los participantes fueron más favorables a la adopción cuando la pareja adoptante era formada por heterosexuales, seguido de lesbianas, con mayor rechazo para los gays. Se discute el impacto si medidas de apoyo a la diversidad e incentivo a la adopción por parejas homoafectivas fueran garantizadas.

A Patient-Reported Outcome (PRO) measure titled Cuestionario para la Evaluación de la Adhesión al Tratamiento Antiretroviral (acronym CEAT-VIH) is currently available in paper-and-pencil and digital (online assessment) formats. Due to the advantages of online assessment, the main objective of this work was to evaluate psychometric properties of the online version, in an international sample, to accumulate evidence of its validity and provide score norms for the questionnaire. A psychometric study was performed with an international sample of 1,470 participants, from 30 countries, to accumulate evidence of CEAT-VIH validity regarding internal structure and related external criterion (e.g., viral load, number of pills, and AIDSrelated symptoms). Descriptive statistics and normative data for scores are also presented. The majority of participants were men (72.4%), aged 15 to 78 years old (M = 39.3, SD = 12.6). A unidimensional model with five facets occurred as the observed variables converged, which presented a good model fit (comparative fit index [CFI] = 1.000; Tucker-Lewis index [TLI] = 0.999; standardized root mean square residual [SRMR] = 0.027; and root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] [90% confidence interval, CI] = 0.009 [0.000, 0.038], p = .995). There was a weak invariance for the CEAT-VIH structure for language versions and countries. Cronbach's alpha values for the instrument (17 items) were acceptable across language versions (.88-.96). Evidence of validity related to external criteria was achieved by associations (e.g., Spearman and Mann-Whitney) between CEAT-VIH scores and relevant clinical (e.g., CD4+ cells, viral load, number of pills, and AIDSrelated symptoms) and sociodemographic (e.g., gender, age, employment status, education level, place of residence, and participation at local AIDS association) variables. In conclusion, the overall data on the evaluated psychometric properties allow recommendation of the use of this instrument in research and applied settings.

O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a influência e o papel da satisfação com o suporte social, do apoio familiar na identidade social e autoestima de travestis, homens e mulheres trans e pessoas não binárias. Fizeram parte do estudo 203 pessoas trans brasileiras(os), os quais responderam um questionário online com: escalas dos questionário Juventude Brasileira, escala de Necessidade de Identificação Social, escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg, e a de Satisfação com o Suporte Social. Análises de Variância (ANOVAs) e de Correlação de Pearson mostraram relações entre o apoio familiar e o escore de autoestima. Análises multivariadas de regressão linear mostraram que a idade, o fato de estar ou não em tratamento hormonal e a satisfação com o suporte social atuaram como variáveis associadas à identidade social dos participantes. Discute-se que apoio social pode atenuar o estresse psicológico da estigmatização, melhorar a autoestima e a identidade social trans, fornecendo suporte para violências perpetradas por uma sociedade heteronormativa.

Objective To describe general characteristics of transgender parents, highlight aspects of their relationship with their children, and explore experiences with discrimination, compared with transgender nonparents. Background Few studies have investigated families headed by transgender individuals, and even fewer in contexts where there are no specific policies for family planning in this group, as is the case in Brazil. Methods A hospital and web‐based cross‐sectional survey recruited transgender individuals from two Brazilian states during July–October 2014 and January–March 2015. The survey was designed based on a cross‐cultural adaptation of the TransPULSE project. Results From 670 participants, 44 reported being parents, were older, had more years of education, and were more likely to be in a relationship than the transgender nonparents. Controlling for age, transgender parents reported suffering more discrimination than those who have no children. Among them, most became parents through biological means, 17.06% reported having lost or having the custody reduced for being transgender, and 48.07% suspected or were told that their ability to see their children less was due to their gender identity. Conclusion The key effect of discrimination that transgender parents faced was not having access or having reduced access to their children.