Objective: Evaluate the development and gas exchange of pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings in different substrates. Study Design: A randomized complete block design was used with two genotypes, three types of substrate (2 x 3), four replicates and five plants per replicate, totaling 120 plants. Location and Duration of Study: Department of Crop Sciences of the Center for Agrarian Sciences, Universidade Federal de Paraíba in the city of Areia, Brazil, between August and October 2018. Methods: The following were the treatments: T1 – genotype 1 in commercial substrate; T2 – genotype 1 in commercial substrate + bovine manure; T3 – genotype 1 in bovine manure + sand; T4 – genotype 2 in commercial substrate; T5 – genotype 2 in commercial substrate + bovine manure; T6 – genotype 2 in bovine manure + sand. Variables analyzed: height, diameter, dry mass of shoot and root and physiological response of seedlings. Results: A significant difference at the 1% level was found for the dry matter of the seedling roots among treatments with difference substrates. A significant difference at the 1% level was also found for shoot length and a significant interaction at the 5% level was found between genotype and substrate for this characteristic. Significant effects were found with regard to the rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and carboxylation efficiency. Conclusion: The substrate with manure + sand favored the accumulation of root dry matter and shoot length. Genotype 1 exhibited its best performance with regard to photosynthesis and stomatal conduction in the treatment with the commercial substrate and demonstrated greater carboxylation efficiency than genotype 2, independently of the substrates. The pre-sprouted seedling production system needs to be explored further to obtain greater information regarding the nutritional requirements and characteristics of the genotypes.

Introduction: Obesity stands out as a multifactorial disease that can cause several public health problems. There are 2.0 billion overweight and obese people in the world, and Brazil ranks fifth in the world. A healthy nutritional status promotes immune function and can prevent the onset of a serious inflammatory process and severe infections, especially in times of a pandemic such as COVID-19. Objective: It was to highlight the main clinical considerations of nutrological and dietary regulation in obese patients with marked inflammatory processes and meta-inflammation through a systematic review. Methods: The systematic review rules of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The research was carried out from August to September 2022 in Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 127 articles were found. A total of 74 articles were fully evaluated and 29 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 32 studies at high risk of bias and 25 studies that did not meet the GRADE. Research has shown that unbalanced dietary patterns, such as the Western diet, rich in simple sugars, refined carbohydrates, and saturated and trans fatty acids, lead to chronic inflammatory responses, increased fat deposits, and future comorbidities associated with overweight and obesity. Caloric restriction decreased polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in obese patients and diet administration over 12 weeks had a beneficial effect. Furthermore, obese patients with antioxidant supplementation had lower values of BMI, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose level, and insulin resistance homeostasis model assessment when compared to the placebo group, as well as lower total cholesterol levels, triglycerides, LDL, malondialdehyde and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Supplementation of n-3 PUFA can significantly reduce serum PCR, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations.

A cultura do sorgo forrageiro vem apresentando um enorme crescimento nos últimos anos, devido ao grande potencial produtivo e forrageiro. Paralelo ao seu crescimento há também um aumento na demanda por herbicidas que viabilizam sua produção. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência do uso de herbicidas no controle de plantas daninhas e sua influência nas características de crescimento e produção do sorgo forrageiro. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com 4 repetições e 9 tratamentos [Testemunha; Capinado; 2,4-D (100%); 2,4-D (150%); Pendimetalina (100%); Pendimetalina (150%); 2,4-D (100%) + Pendimetalina (150%); 2,4-D (150%) + Pendimetalina (100%); 2,4-D (150%) + Pendimetalina (150%)] aplicados aos 15 dias após a semeadura. Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: altura de plantas, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, controle de plantas daninhas, fitotoxidade e produtividade. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância usando o software Sisvar. Para os dados qualitativos, utilizou-se o teste de Scott-Knott a 5% de probabilidade e para os dados quantitativos, regressão polinomial. O uso dos herbicidas isolados ou em associação, influenciou nas variáveis produtivas da cultura do sorgo. Os herbicidas 2,4-D (100%) e Pendimetalina (100%) se mostraram com potencial para utilização na cultura do sorgo.

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