ResumoA coqueluche é uma doença infecciosa aguda de notificação compulsória causada pela bactéria Bordetella pertussis. Ela acomete o trato respiratório e seu principal sintoma é a tosse paroxística. Essa acomete todas as idades, mas é mais frequente e grave em menores de 1 ano. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a epidemiologia descritiva e a cobertura vacinal no Brasil nos anos de 2010 a 2014, sendo realizado por meio de revisão bibliográfica no contexto epidemiológico apresentando os dados de tempo, pessoa e lugar. A cobertura vacinal atingiu o preconizado em todos os anos, entretanto, este não ocorreu de forma homogênea. Houve um aumento de 1.505% de casos do ano de 2010 a 2014, configurando uma possível reemergência da doença. A causa desse aumento ainda não foi elucidada, porém, há hipóteses que relacionam com a melhora diagnóstica, vigilância epidemiológica mais sensível, uma cepa mais virulenta e a redução da imunização após alguns anos da última dose da vacina. Palavras-chave: Coqueluche. Bordetella pertussis. Epidemiologia. Vigilância epidemiológica. Vacina. AbstractWhooping cough is an acute infectious disease of compulsory notification caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It affects the respiratory tract and its main symptom paroxysmal cough. This disease affects all ages, but is more frequent and severe in children under 1 year. The objective of this article is to present the descriptive epidemiology and the vaccine coverage in Brazil in the years 2010-2014, that was performed through literature review in the epidemiological context presenting the data about time, person and place. Its vaccination coverage reached the recommended in every year, however this did not occur homogeneously. There was an increase of 1,505% on cases from the year 2010 to 2014, setting up a possible reemergence of the disease. The cause of this increase has not yet been elucidated, but there are cases that relate to the diagnosis improves, more sensitive surveillance, virulent strain, and the reduction of immunization some years after the last dose of vaccine.

The aim of this study was to understand the current epidemiology of rickettsial diseases in two rickettsial-endemic regions in Brazil. In the municipalities of Pingo D'Agua and Santa Cruz do Escalvado, among serum samples obtained from horses and dogs, reactivity by immunofluorescent assay against spotted fever group rickettsiae was verified. In some serum samples from opossums (Didelphis aurita) captured in Santa Cruz do Escalvado, serologic response against rickettsiae was also verified. Polymerase chain reaction identified rickettsiae only in ticks and fleas obtained in Santa Cruz do Escalvado. Rickettsiae in samples had 100% sequence homology with Rickettsia felis. These results highlight the importance of marsupials in maintenance of the sylvatic cycle of rickettsial disease and potential integration with the domestic cycle. Our data also support the importance of horses and dogs as sentinels in monitoring circulation of rickettsiae in an urban area.

Abstract. We investigated the humoral immune response against different species of Rickettsia in serum samples from small rodents collected in two areas of a silent focus for Brazilian spotted fever in the eastern region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Sera samples were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence assay using antigens from Rickettsia species of the spotted fever, ancestral, and transition groups. Titers 1:64 were considered positive. In Santa Cruz do Escalvado, 94% (30 of 32) of the samples collected from Rattus rattus, 22% (5 of 23) from Nectomys squamipes, and 80% (4 of 5) from Akodon sp., reacted by indirect immunofluorescence assay with Rickettsia antigens of the spotted fever group. In the municipality of Pingo D'Á gua, 84% (26 of 31) of the samples collected from R. rattus, 86% (6 of 7) of the samples from Oryzomys subflavus, 86% (6 of 7) from N. squamipes, and 100% (1 of 1) from Bolomys sp. contained antibodies that reacted with rickettsial antigens of the spotted fever group. These results demonstrated the previous exposure of small rodents to spotted fever group Rickettsia, suggesting the participation of these animals in the natural history of these rickettsiae in this region.

The main of the study was to evaluate the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi infection in domestic and wild vertebrates and ectoparasites in endemic areas from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total of 445 serum samples were examined by ELISA, which used the Borrelia burgdorferi strain G39/40 U.S. source and 3,821 tick samples were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). B. burgdorferi antibodies were found in 30 serum samples (6.74%); three in marsupials (7.69%), three in rodents (2.80%), nine in dogs (6.25%), and 15 in horses (9.68%). Nested-PCR performed in DNA samples obtained from collected ticks demonstrated negative results. Although attempts to amplify B. burgdorferi DNA from ticks had been not successful, the presence of seroreactive vertebrates suggests the possibility the Borrelia species circulating in these regions. Further research is required to provide information on the presence of Borrelia in Brazilian territory and its association with Baggio-Yoshinari syndrome.