The species Hymenaea courbaril L. (Jatoba) is widely used in the timber industry. However, its population was reduced due to high exploitation rate, being at risk of extinction. Therefore, production of seedlings of this species should be improved to meet the demand of reforestation programs. Given the above, this study evaluates the effect of Osmocote ® rates and root pruning on the growth of Jatoba seedlings transplanted into plastic bags. A randomized complete block design was used in a 5 x 3 factorial scheme, corresponding to five rates of Osmocote ® fertilizer (0.0; 2.0; 4.0; 6.0; and 8.0 g L-1) and three root pruning intensities (0%; 25%; and 50%). At 105 days after transplantation, the following were evaluated: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total dry weight, height/stem diameter ratio, and Dickson quality index. Rates below 4.0 g L-1 or above 6.0 g L-1 decreased seedling quality. The most prominent variables in this study were plant height, total dry weight, and number of leaves of H. courbaril seedlings. Osmocote ® rates between 4.4 and 6.6 g L-1 combined with 25% root pruning provided the best results for the growth of transplanted Jatoba seedlings.
Diseases caused by fungi pose risks to modern agriculture globally. The most commonly used control is the chemical, but the indiscriminate use of these products causes risks of environmental contamination and of rural workers. In the search for alternative methods of control, essential oils appear, which are natural plant products with antifungal, antibacterial and insecticidal properties, and present less risk to the environment. The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of essential oils on the inhibition of mycelial growth of phytopathogenic fungi. The essential oils of bush avocado (Persea major), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), garlic (Allium sativum L.), cinnamom-fire (Cryptocarya aschersoniana Mez.), sassafras cinnamom (Ocotea odorifera Vell.), lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), capitiu (Siparuna guianensis Aubl.), India clove (Syzygium aromaticum), guamirim (Myrcia splendens) guava brava (Myrcia tomentosa Aubl.), jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril L.), black peper (Piper nigrum L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and annatto (Bixa orellana L.) against fungi Fusarium solani, Pestalotiopsis guepinii, Phytophthora spp., Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The mycelial growth of these fungi was evaluated by means of the Petri dish mycelial growth inhibition index containing the potato, dextrose, agar environment in the concentration of 1,000 μl/mL of the essential oils. The design was completely randomized with three replications. Among the essential oils used, the thyme and India clove promoted complete inhibition of all fungi tested. Garlic essential oil and lemon grass completely inhibited the mycelial growth of three of the five fungi tested. These results demonstrate the importance of the oils for the alternative control of phytopathogens.
A arte de construir barcos de madeira é um patrimônio cultural secular dos povos amazônicos. Contudo, perdeu a importância ao longo das últimas décadas, como resultado, perda de conhecimento sobre a prática cultural da construção de embarcações de madeira. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi conhecer a construção naval artesanal realizada nos municípios de Porto de Moz e Altamira. Para isso, empregou-se a entrevista semiestruturada, observação direta e indireta e emprego da máquina fotográfica. De acordo com os resultados encontrados, nota-se a predominância do sexo masculino, com idade média de 43,2 anos. A maioria dos carpinteiros navais tradicionais tem baixa escolaridade. Geralmente, o trabalho começa na infância ou na adolescência. Dezessete espécies foram citadas, itaúba e piquiá são as espécies mais versáteis e cobiçadas por carpinteiros para a construção de barcos. A comercialização das embarcações é limitada por fatores como a escassez de madeira certificada, desvalorização profissional e pela competição com embarcações fabricadas industrialmente. Estes fatores contribuem para a perda de conhecimento sobre a arte do saber-fazer da atividade de construção de barcos de madeira na região. Além disso, a diminuição da atividade provoca um amplo conjunto de impactos econômicos, sociais e culturais observados nos municípios de Altamira e Porto de Moz.
A produção de mudas de jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril L.) é essencial para a conservação e restituição ao seu habitat natural. Entretanto a produção de mudas de espécie nativa ainda é pouco estudada. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de poda e de hidrogel nas mudas de jatobá em casa de vegetação. Mudas de jatobá com 90 dias de idade foram usadas no experimento. O delineamento experimental foi o esquema fatorial composto de três níveis de poda radicial (0,0; 25,0 e 50,0%) e cinco doses de hidrogel (0,0; 2,0; 4,0; 6,0 e 8,0 g L-1 de substrato) totalizando 15 tratamentos. Aos 105 dias após o transplantio, foram avaliados os parâmetros morfológicos e índices de crescimento. A análise dos dados permitiu inferir que as plantas com poda de 25,0% da raiz isoladamente favoreceram o crescimento das mudas de jatobá. O hidrogel também mostrou efeito positivo nas variáveis morfológicas avaliadas. Efeitos combinados dos fatores poda a 25,0% da raiz e hidrogel na faixa de 3,0 a 4,0 g L-1 exercem efeitos positivos nas variáveis morfológicas. Essas técnicas isoladas ou combinadas podem ser aplicadas por viveiristas para prolongar o tempo de manutenção de mudas de jatobá.
The research aimed to learn about the socioeconomic profile and medicinal plants used by local specialists from three riverside communities in the municipality of Porto de Moz, Pará, Brazil. The data was collected with 10 specialists through a semi-structured questionnaire. Local specialists are mostly women (80%), with low income and a low education level. 83 medicinal ethnospecies were identified. The Lamiaceae and Fabaceae families were the most representative in the study area with 9 and 10 species, respectively. The Dysphania ambrosioides (18%) species was the most referenced one. Most of the recommendations regarding use of the medication are related to unclassified signs and symptoms, with 48 references. The young members in the communities exhibit low interest in medicinal plants. The precariousness of local public health services enhances the use of medicinal plants. The medicinal knowledge of local specialists assists in the prevention, treatment and cure of illnesses based on traditional medicine empiricism.
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