HIDRA: Hierarchical Inter-Domain Routing Architecture Bryan ClevengerAs the Internet continues to expand, the global default-free zone (DFZ) forwarding table has begun to grow faster than hardware can economically keep pace with. Various policies are in place to mitigate this growth rate, but current projections indicate policy alone is inadequate. As such, a number of technical solutions have been proposed. This work builds on many of these proposed solutions, and furthers the debate surrounding the resolution to this problem. It discusses several design decisions necessary to any proposed solution, and based on these tradeoffs it proposes a Hierarchical Inter-Domain Routing Architecture -HIDRA, a comprehensive architecture with a plausible deployment scenario.The architecture uses a locator/identifier split encapsulation scheme to attenuate both the immediate size of the DFZ forwarding table, and the projected growth rate. This solution is based off the usage of an already existing number allocation policy -Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs). HIDRA has been deployed to a sandbox network in a proof-of-concept test, yielding promising results.iv

HIDRA: Hierarchical Inter-Domain Routing Architecture Bryan ClevengerAs the Internet continues to expand, the global default-free zone (DFZ) forwarding table has begun to grow faster than hardware can economically keep pace with. Various policies are in place to mitigate this growth rate, but current projections indicate policy alone is inadequate. As such, a number of technical solutions have been proposed. This work builds on many of these proposed solutions, and furthers the debate surrounding the resolution to this problem. It discusses several design decisions necessary to any proposed solution, and based on these tradeoffs it proposes a Hierarchical Inter-Domain Routing Architecture -HIDRA, a comprehensive architecture with a plausible deployment scenario.The architecture uses a locator/identifier split encapsulation scheme to attenuate both the immediate size of the DFZ forwarding table, and the projected growth rate. This solution is based off the usage of an already existing number allocation policy -Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs). HIDRA has been deployed to a sandbox network in a proof-of-concept test, yielding promising results.iv

Scalability analysis of the Internet has resulted in two main concerns: rapid growth of the forwarding table and BGP's poor convergence properties when distributing hundreds of thousands of routes. HIDRA [5], a backward-compatible architecture designed with feasibility-of-implementation in mind, has been proposed as one solution to reduce the size of the default-free zone (DFZ) forwarding table. This work extends HIDRA, greatly reducing the number of routes maintained by BGP, yet preserves a practical, incremental deployment strategy. The proposed protocol also provides end networks direct, finer-grained control over the distribution of packets flowing into their network and provides for efficient mobility support. The new mapping protocol is prototyped on a small network testbed and shown to work in all tested circumstances, including normal network operation, link failures, and transitional routing environments. Additionally, IP Mobility is discussed and shown to work in this environment without triangle routing and only minimal additional overhead.