The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. AbstractInvestigations into the evolution of the primate brain have generally neglected the role of connectivity in determining which brain structures have changed in size, focussing instead on changes in the size of the whole brain or of individual brain structures, such as the neocortex, in isolation. We show that the primate neocortex, cerebellum and vestibular nuclei exhibit correlated volumetric evolution. At a relatively fine-grained level of resolution, the evolutionary correlations correspond to known patterns of connectivity among these structures (amongst specific nuclei, for example). These results support the idea that brains evolved by mosaic size change in arrays of connected structures. Furthermore, they suggest that the much discussed expansion of the primate neocortex should be re-evaluated in the light of conjoint cerebellar expansion.Whiting & Barton 3

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