X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been employed to investigate the protonation degree of polyaniline doped with sulfosalicylic acid (PAni-SSA) obtained by different synthetic methods. The protonation degree has been compared to electrical conductivity. Prepared PAni-SSA through the redoping process in an agate mortar displays conductivity values within the range of 1S/cm. Protonation degree of synthesized PAni-SSA by aqueous dispersion polymerization of aniline in the presence of SSA is higher than 50 %, indicating that a substantial portion of amine units have also been protonated. The C/N and S/N molar ratios obtained by XPS analysis indicate that the polyaniline chains obtained by aqueous dispersion polymerization are protonated by both sulfate anions.

The PbO2 film electrodes have been prepared by different electrodeposition process onto aluminum substrate.The electrochemical activity of the electrode for oxygen evolution reaction in 50g•L-1Zn2++150g•L-1H2SO4 solutions have been studied. The results show that the best activity of the electrodes obtained A1/conductive coating was electrodepositing PbO2 in alkaline lead solutions firstly, then plating PbO2 in acidic lead nitrate solutions. This can be attributed to the conductivity of the substrate, the crystal phase structure and property of PbO2. SEM-EDX analysis shows the beta-form, deposited from acidic solutions of Pb(II), has a distorted rutite structure, and the alpha-form, deposited from alkaline solutions, has the spherical cell. The high non- stoichiometry of PbO2 was obtained in alkaline lead solutions.

In this paper, electrochemical behaviour of Pb0.8%Ag anode during the 15 days galvanostatic electrolysis in acid zinc sulphate electrolyte solution was investigated with Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) techniques. The phase composition of the anodic oxide layers during the electrolysis was observed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results revealed that the electrochemical oxidation processes and phase formation varied obviously during the electrolysis for it is a process indicating the formation and stabilization of anodic oxide layer. With the increasing electrolysis time, the anodic peak (PbPbSO4) is mainly present a rise trend and gradually moved in the positive direction while the anodic peak (PbSO4β-PbO2, PbOα-PbO2) strongly moved in the negative direction. The cathodic peak (β-PbO2 and α-PbO2PbSO4) and (PbO and PbSO4Pb) mainly present a rise trend and gradually moved in the negative direction. Besides, the corrosion phase of the anodic oxide layers mainly consist of PbSO4, PbO, α-PbO2 and β-PbO2. With the increasing electrolysis time, the content of α-PbO2 presents a declining trend while the content of β-PbO2 a rising trend. The preferred growth orientation of α-PbO2 and β-PbO2 is (111) and (101) planes respectively.

Lead-silver-cobalt was electrodeposited on the aluminum matrix, which was used as anode for zinc electrowinning. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), linear sweep voltammetry(LSV), Tafel curve were used to study the effect of different current density on the surface morphology, electrocatalytic activity and corrosion resistance of Al/Pb-Ag-Co anode. The results showed that the Ag content change slightly with the current density change, but the Co content change big with the current density change; the value of a and b oxygen evolution of Pb-Ag-Co composite coating electrode obtained under 1 Adm-2were the smallest, respectively, was 1.436 V, 0.930 V; and the corrosion potential was 0.272 V; surface microstructure was smooth and dense.

In this paper, electrochemical behaviour of Pb0.3%Ag0.06%Ca rolled alloy anode during the 6 days galvanostatic electrolysis in acid zinc sulphate electrolyte solution was investigated with Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) techniques. The phase composition of the anodic oxide layers during the electrolysis was observed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results revealed that with the increasing electrolysis time, the anodic peak (PbPbSO4) is mainly present a rise trend in the first day electrolysis, thereafter, almostly keep a constant value. And the anodic peak (PbPbSO4) gradually moved in the positive direction while the anodic peak (PbSO4β-PbO2, PbOα-PbO2) strongly moved in the negative direction. The cathodic peak (β-PbO2 and α-PbO2PbSO4) and (PbO and PbSO4Pb) mainly present a rise trend and gradually moved in the negative direction. Besides, the corrosion phase of the anodic oxide layers mainly consist of PbSO4, Pb, α-PbO2 and PbS2O3. After electrolysis for 3 days, the major phase of the anodic oxide layers is PbSO4 with a few Pb phase. When the electrolysis reaches the 6th day, the major phase of the anodic oxide layers is also PbSO4 with a few α-PbO2 phase. The preferred growth orientation of PbSO4 is (021) ,(121) and (212) planes.