This paper proposes a hybrid control scheme combining adaptive control (APC) and linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) to solve the high-speed train (HST) speed tracking control problem. First, in order to meet the actual operation of HST, a multi-mass point dynamic model with time-varying coefficients is established. Second, LADRC is proposed to control the speed of the train, and the anti-disturbance ability of the system is improved by estimating and compensating the total disturbance suffered by the carriage. Third, in order to compensate for the observation error caused by the bandwidth of the linear extended state observer, APC is introduced. The adaptive laws are set for LADRC and train time-varying coefficients, which can effectively eliminate the adverse effects of time-varying coefficients on train operation and improve the control performance of the controller. Meanwhile, the Lyapunov theory is used to prove the stability of the system. Finally, the simulation results show that the hybrid control is more effective in solving the problem of HST speed tracking.