<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Defisiensi hara fosfor (P) menjadi salah satu faktor pembatas dalamsistem produksi pertanian di Indonesia yang umumnya diusahakan padatanah-tanah masam. Pemanfaatan fungi mikoriza arbuskula (FMA)merupakan salah satu alternatif dalam menanggulangi permasalahan padatanah masam, karena FMA dapat membantu tanaman menyerap unsur Pdan unsur hara lainnya dari dalam tanah. Untuk mempelajari potensi FMA,hal pertama yang harus diketahui adalah keanekaragaman dari organismetersebut. Dengan adanya data tentang keanekaragaman FMA, maka dapatdilakukan seleksi guna mendapatkan isolat FMA yang potensial danefektif dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanamanpegagan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasijenis-jenis FMA pada rizosfer tanaman pegagan. Penelitian dilaksanakanbulan Januari sampai Agustus 2008. Pengambilan contoh tanah dilakukanpada tiga lokasi pertanaman pegagan di Kebun Percobaan Gunung Putri,Sukamulya, dan Cicurug, sedangkan isolasi, identifikasi, dan pemerang-kapan spora dilakukan di Laboratorium Ekofisiologi dan rumah kaca BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik Bogor. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa sebelum pemerangkapan diperoleh 2 genus (Glomusdan Acaulospora) pada contoh tanah di KP Gunung Putri, 3 genus(Glomus, Acaulospora dan Scutellospora) di KP Sukamulya, dan 2 genus(Glomus dan Acaulospora) di KP Cicurug. Setelah dilakukan trappingjenis FMA, di KP Gunung Putri didapatkan 5 jenis FMA (4 tipe Glomusdan 1 tipe Acaulospora), di KP Sukamulya terdapat 5 jenis FMA (3 tipeGlomus, 1 tipe Acaulospora, dan 1 tipe Scutellospora), dan di KP Cicurugterdapat 4 jenis FMA (3 tipe Glomus dan 1 tipe Acaulospora).Keanekaragaman FMA pada rizosfer pertanaman pegagan cukup beragamdan berpotensi dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pemupukan,khususnya ketersediaan dan serapan hara P.</p><p>Kata kunci : Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, keanekaragaman, fungimikoriza arbuskula (FMA), pegagan</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi (AMF) diversity on asiaticpennywort Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) rhizosphere</p><p>Deficiency of phosphorus (P) is one of the limiting factors ofagricultural production system in Indonesia which is generally managed onacid soils. Utilizing arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) is one of thealternative solutions on acid soils problem, because of its ability to take upP and other nutrients from soils. The first concern which must be studied isdiversity of the organism. Data on AMF diversity obtained is useful toselect potential and effective AMF by increasing plant growth andproduction of asiatic pennywort. The aim of this research was to isolateand identify types of AMF in asiatic pennywort rhizosphere. The experi-ment was conducted from January until August 2008. Soil samples weretaken from three locations of asiatic pennywort plantations i.e. GunungPutri, Sukamulya, and Cicurug experimental stations. Isolation, identifi-cation, and trapping of spore were conducted at the Eco-physiology labo-ratory and glasshouse of Indonesian Medicinal and Aromatic CropsResearch Institute (IMACRI), Bogor. The laboratory results of soil sam-ples before trapping showed that there were two genus of AMF spores(Glomus and Acaulospora) in the samples from Gunung Putri, three genus(Glomus, Acaulospora, and Scutellospora) from Sukamulya, and twogenus (Glomus and Acaulospora) from Cicurug. After trapping, it wasidentified that the soil samples from Gunung Putri, Sukamulya, andCicurug contained five AMF species (four types of Glomus and one typeof Acaulospora), five AMF species (three types of Glomus, one type ofAcaulospora and Scutellospora), and four AMF species (three types ofGlomus and one type of Acaulospora) from Cicurug. Diversity of AMFvariety can be utilized to get potential to increase the efficiency offertilizer, specifically availability and uptake of nutrient P.</p><p>Key words : Centella  asiatica  (L.)  Urban,  diversity,  ArbuscularMycorrhizae Fungi (AMF), asiatic pennywort</p>

Centella (Centella asiatica L. Urban) is one of medicinal plants beneficially for health. The development of herbal medicine and health food industry, require the good quality of raw materials, safety for consumption and prepared continuously. AMF (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi) is a potential biofertilizer widely used on cultivated plants, for increasing biomass and bioactive content. Organic fertilizer as source of nutrients might be synergized with the development of AMF. The aim of the research was to identify the effect of AMF and organic fertilizer treatments to the growth, biomass yield and asiaticoside content of CASI 016 centella accession on andosol soil. Research was conducted for six months, by using randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications. First factor was AMF inoculation, without AMF and with AMF treatment; second factor was organic fertilizer application, consisted of a). control, b). manure, c). rock phosphate, d). Ash husk, e). manure + rock phosphate, f). manure + ash husk, g). manure + rock phosphate + ash husk. Parameters observed were plant growth, fresh and dry weight of leaf, stolon and root, asiaticoside content, and the uptake of N, P, K nutrients. Result showed that AMF and organic fertilizer treatments could increase centella growth parameters and biomass. Moreover, AMF could increase asiaticoside content of leaves, with the increment of 0,1% to 0,6%. Combination between AMF and organic fertilizer resulted the higher uptake of N, P, K nutrients per hectare.

Exploration of AMF types in sugarcane cropping areas is an important and necessary initial study to be able to isolate and identify specific types of AMF that exist. Utilization of AMF is one alternative in overcoming problems in acid soils, because AMF can help plants absorb P elements and other nutrients from the soil. This study aims to identify the types of AMF in the rhizosphere of sugarcane. The research was conducted from June to October 2015, soil sampling was carried out in the community sugar cane garden in Ngemplak Plantation, district Pati (KP. Muktiharjo). While the isolation, identification and capture of spores is carried out in the Ecophysiology Laboratory and the greenhouse of the Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, Bogor. The identification results obtained 2 arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the sugarcane rhizosphere, namely Glomus sp, (3 species) and Acaulospora sp (1 species). The amount of initial spore density was 120-130 spores per 50 g of soil samples and after trapping, the number increased to 407 spores / 20 g soil samples or increased 6.8 times.

ABSTRAKPenggunaan fungi mikoriza arbuskula (FMA) sebagai agensia hayati pada beberapa jenis tanaman saat ini mulai banyak mendapat perhatian. FMA diyakini berperan penting dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan, perkembangan, produksi, dan mutu tanaman serta menghasilkan tanaman yang lebih tahan terhadap cekaman biotik dan abiotik. Pupuk anorganik N, P, K digunakan sebagai sumber hara esensial pada budidaya pegagan (Centella asiatica). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari peran dan efektivitas FMA dan pemupukan terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi biomasa tanaman pegagan pada tanah Andosol. Percobaan dilaksanakan dengan rancangan acak lengkap yang disusun secara faktorial, terdiri dari 2 faktor, diulang tiga kali. Faktor pertama ialah perlakuan FMA (inokulasi FMA dan tanpa FMA). Faktor kedua ialah dosis pupuk (5 taraf: tanpa pupuk sebagai kontrol, 25% dosis pupuk optimal, 50% dosis pupuk optimal, 75% dosis pupuk optimal, dan dosis optimal). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan FMA nyata meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi pegagan yaitu jumlah stolon primer 26,46%, jumlah buku 12,20% dan jumlah daun pada stolon primer terpanjang 17,94%, serta bobot kering akar 25,76%, terna 17,53% dan total 18,85%. Selain itu, pegagan yang bersimbiosis dengan FMA pada perlakuan tanpa pupuk menunjukkan serapan hara N, P, K lebih tinggi (N 24,4%; P 20,3% dan K 4,2%) dibandingkan tanpa FMA.Kata kunci: Centella asiatica, fungi mikoriza arbuskula, pemupukan, pertumbuhan, biomas ABSTRACT Currently, the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as biological agents in several plants species is more wellknown. AMF has been demonstrated playing important role in promoting plant growth, development, yield, quality, and inducing plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Inorganic fertilizer N, P, K were used as essential nutrients sources in Asiatic pennywort (Centella asiatica) cultivation. This research aimed to study the role and effectiveness of AMF on growth, and biomass production of Asiatic pennywort at several dosages of N, P and K fertilizers on Andosol soil. The experiment was arranged in completely factorial randomized design with two factors and three replications.The first factor was AMF application (with and without AMF inoculation), and the second factor was five fertilizer dosages (without fertilizer as a control, 25% of optimal dosage, 50% of optimal dosage, 75% of optimal dosage, and optimal dosage). The result indicated that AMF application significantly increased growth and yield parameters of asiatic pennywort including primary stolon number is 26.46%, number of node and leaves on the longest primary stolon 12.20% and 17.94%, dry weight of root, shoot and total biomass (25.76%; 17.53% and 18.85%). In addition, the AMF-inoculated plants without fertilizer treatment showed higher NPK uptake (24.4% N; 20.3% P and 4.2% K) than without AMF application.

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