The present study deals with the sound absorption performance of natural fibres from the oil palm frond (OPF), mainly considered agricultural waste. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the sound absorption performance of OPF fibre-reinforced composite under normal incidence sound. The materials used were OPF particles and urea-formaldehyde was used as an adhesive. The particleboards were produced with three particle sizes and four target densities. The absorption coefficient of normal incidence sound (αn) was tested using an impedance tube. The effects of particle size and bulk density were also evaluated. The findings reveal thatαn exceeded 0.45 at 1000 Hz and could reach 0.95 above 3.3 kHz. This occurred when the bulk density of the OPF composite particleboards ranged between 0.3–0.4 g/cm3, and the particle size varied between medium to coarse. The results also indicated that the absorption frequency and the degree of αn significantly increased as the bulk density decreased. Therefore, OPF fibres can be used to create sound-absorbing composite particleboards.
<p><em>Pada Gasifikasi tipe Updraft bahan bakar dimasukkan dari bagian atas dan udara masuk pada bagian bawah reaktor.Kekurangan dari gasifikasi tipe Updraft adalah gas yang keluar dari reaktor berada pada kondisi temperatur rendah (<500 <sup>0</sup>C), serta membawa tar yang terkondensasi serta minyak yang berasal dari proses pirolis. Pada penelitian ini akan membandingkan bahan bakar biomassa Tempurung Kelapa dan Pelepah Kelapa Sawit dari segi mampu nyala dan kandungan tar. Bahan bakar tersebut dibakar didalam reaktor sampai Syngas terproduksi, setelah Syngas berproduksi pada reaktor, penarikan tar dapat dilakukan dan penarikan tar dihentikan apabila Syngas pada reaktor telah padam. Dari hasil penelitian, didapat mampu nyala dari biomassa Tempurung kelapa selama 43 menit 14 detik sedangkan biomassa Pelepah kelapa sawit selama 10 menit 26 detik.Berat tar kering hasil proses gasifikasi yang ditimbang menggunakan timbangan digital pada Biomassa Tempurung kelapa adalah 8,99 g, sedangkan pada Biomassa Pelepah kelapa sawit adalah 4,62 g. Banyaknya gas sampel yang disedot pompa vakum pada Biomassa Tempurung kelapa adalah 138,58 liter sedangkan pada Biomassa Pelepah kelapa sawit adalah 133,88 liter. Massa tar pada setiap liter gas sampel Biomassa Tempurung kelapa adalah 0,064 gram/liter sedangkan Biomassa Pelepah kelapa sawit adalah 0,034 gram/liter.</em></p>
ABSTRAKProvinsi Riau merupakan daerah yang kaya akan sumber daya biomasa salah satunya adalah kabupaten Bengkalis, dimana hampir 80% penduduknya masih menggunakan tungku berbahan bakar kayu untuk memasak, sementara untuk mendapatakan bahan bakar fosil dan gas elpiji sangat sulit. Telah dilakukan penelitian dan uji eksperimental perancangan dan pembuatan tungku gasifikasi biomasa penghasil listrik dengan memanfaatkan panas buang sekelilingnya. Diameter dalam tungku 14,8 cm dan diameter luar luar 21,4 cm dengan diameter ruang annulus 66 cm, tinggi tungku 50 cm. Alat ukur temperatur menggunakan termokopel tipe K dan dengan data akuisisi Advantech DAQ 4718. Tungku dapat menghasilkan listrik dengan pemanfaatan panas buang pada temperatur sisi panas T = 100 0 C dengan temperatur sisi dingin 32 0 C dimana tegangan termoelektrik ±1,2 V dan arus ±60 mA. Tungku dapat membakar ulang hasil pembakaran melalui lobang di sekeliling tabung dalam sehingga terjadi gasifikasi. Efisiensi termal tungku adalah 10,7 % yaitu dapat mendidihkan 1 kg air pada menit ke-10 dengan berat bahan bakar kayu 1 kg.
This study aims to investigate the capability of sound absorption coefficient (SAC) of oil palm frond (OPF) composite. Also, to characterize the fiber surface without treatment and with alkali treatment. Two parameters were formulated to characterize the SAC ability of the OPF composite: chemical treatment and density of composite. The composite was manufactured from a waste OPF as a reinforcement and urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin as a matrix. The fibers were blended with UF 10% (weight fraction) and formed by hot-pressing under the pressure of 9 tons at 140°C for 5mn. The SAC was measured by the impedance tube respected with ASTM 1050 (the transfer function method) within the frequency of 125-6400 Hz. Morphological analysis is investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on untreated and alkali-treated OPF fiber. The measurement data were obtained and compared with different densities and treatments. It reveals that the SAC of OPF composite was proportion to density and alkali-treated. The SAC worsens as the composite becomes dense due to the greater density. The treated fibers have more roughness and friction area than untreated fiber; thereby, the incidence of sound energy rapidly dissipates to thermal energy, causing improved SAC performance
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