The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of adding fructo oligosaccharides (FOS) to complementary foods on the frequency and duration of diarrheal episodes and physical growth of 6-12 month old infants. The study was a double-blind randomized controlled trial carried out in the District of Bogor, Indonesia in 2004. Enrollees were 6-month old infants. Subjects were allocated to one of three study groups: Group FOS 4.0 received complementary food (CF) with 4.0% FOS added, Group FOS 3.2 received CF with 3.2% FOS, and Group FOS 0.0 received CF with no FOS. Infants received CF daily during the 6-month duration of the study. Among 192 infants enrolled, 163 had complete data for analysis. The results of the analysis on the cumulative number of general episode of diarrhea showed that only the FOS 3.2 group had significantly fewer episodes than the FOS 0.0 group with 1.10±1.30 episode and 1.73±1.90 episode respectively (p=0,02). Analysis on the number of episodes with <=2 days of duration of diarrhea showed both FOS 4.0 and FOS 3.2 groups had significantly fewer episodes than the FOS 0.0 group, with 0,62+0,97 for the FOS 4.0 group, 0,62±1,17 for the FOS 3.2 group, and 1,21±1,59 for the FOS 0.0 group (P<=0,02). The significant effect of FOS appeared after 4 months of intervention and continued up to 12 months of age. The analysis showed no significant effect of FOS on the cumulative duration of diarrhea and on the physical growth of the babies.

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Background High maternal mortality in Indonesia persists despite economic growth and a reform that extended health insurance to all Indonesians. Quality of obstetric health services, in general, has been identified as a factor for this; in addition, the country’s restrictive abortion laws merit special attention to the quality of post-abortion care (PAC) services. Methods Using data from a survey of 657 hospitals and emergency obstetric-registered public health centers in Java, Indonesia’s most populous island, we used the essential services framework to measure the health system’s capacity to offer PAC. We then used this framework to explore how Java’s capacity to offer PAC could change given two hypothetical reforms. Finally, we calculated the proportion of PAC patients treated using each of four different procedures. Results No emergency obstetric health centers (PONEDs) are adequately staffed or authorized to offer basic PAC services, while 46% of all hospitals in Java have the full set of services needed. These proportions increase in hypothetical scenarios in which PAC authorization is expanded to midwives, general physicians, and PONED facilities. Eighty-eight percent of PAC patients were treated using dilation and curettage (D&C). Conclusions Allowing clinicians other than Ob/Gyns to perform uterine evacuation and offering first-trimester PAC service in PONEDs would greatly improve the capacity of Java’s health system to serve PAC patients. Increasing the use of vacuum aspiration and misoprostol would lower the burden of treatment for patients, reduce costs to the health system, and facilitate the task-shifting efforts needed to expand access to this life-saving service.

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Background: Child development is an individualized, dynamic, and complex process. Screening for developmental delays in children is challenging. Parents have important roles in recognizing developmental delays in children, hence parent-completed questionnaire is a feasible option to screen for any developmental delays. The objective of this study is to analyze the items of Indonesian PEDS in 0-3 years old children as a screening tool for their development and behavior. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in Surabaya from August to September 2020. The questionnaire was distributed to mothers whose children were 0-3 years old. The item discrimination analysis was grouped into 0-17 months and 18-36 months. A point-biserial correlation test was carried out with a minimum significant correlation coefficient was 0.3 and a p-value <0.05. Results: A total of 92 mothers were enrolled in this study. Forty mothers were included in the 0-17 months group and 52 mothers in the 18-36 months group. There were four significant aspects of child development in the 0–17-month group, yet only expressive language and articulation had a strong correlation coefficient. While in the 18–36-month group, global/cognitive and social-emotional had a strong correlation coefficient. The other aspects had a correlation coefficient of > 0.3 (p<0.05) in both groups. Conclusion: The Indonesian PEDS is a potential developmental screening tool for Indonesian children aged 0-3 years old.